Page 266 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^10L ikoi ftbj/w co/vfou j/r/b{/

• jrb ns ftneshrs fJSktK ns wjstkeKePktK d ;toXB ns fjckIs bJh fJe okiBhse B'N
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;wdkJ d og ftu oki d tkde ntXkoDk ƒ ykfoi eo fdZsk. fJ;bJh oki (641 sabine
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1973) eJh bkGdkfJe ;;Ek, ;kotifBe ;tktK gdkB eoD, ekƒB gPk;B, ;kotifBe eostK
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BwkfJP ns Td:re ns nkoEe fjsK ƒ Jvi;N eoD dh fJe fij tgko ftu brh jJh ;h.
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oki ftneshgoe nikdh, nkXfBe ;wki dh gfjukD dh ofynk ehsh j, bfeB fJj fJe Bfse
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fJekJh fi;dk TdP ns bePK ;B fe ftneshrs fJSktK ns wi gko nkg; dk ;pXK ftu
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ofynk jfJnk ;h. jkbKfe, jrhfbnB oki ftneshrs |;bk iK ftebg dh nkfrnk BjhA fddk
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;h. fJj nkfrnkekfosk T¤s io fdsk. jrb ;gPN fJe XkoBk j fe uD d nkXfBe oki d /
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nfXeko dh ofynk eodk j pDkTD ftu n;cb fojk. jrhfbnB ;sktkdh gDkbhnK ftu T¤Go
f;XKs d gGkt ftnes ftPtk; j fe ftneshrs g;d wi ns Gktesk j dh gPNh eoD bJh
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ehsk frnk j. nfXeko fcbk;|h okiBhse dbK iK dpkn ;wj dh soK nkXfBe okiBhse gDkbh
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d eM wjstgoD xNeA T¤s uouk BjhA ehsk ;h. jkbKfe bkIwh og tbA ftoXh besfoe, jrb
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iBsk dh okJ ns g; dh ;hfws nikdh dh tekbs T¤s ek|h Io fdsk. f;XKs okiBhse coi
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d fJe fBPfus f;XKs gdkB BjhA ehsk.
• jrb Tdkotkd d Bkb pfBnkdh ;wf;nk fJj ;h fe fJj n;gPN ;h ns oki T¤s Io dD dk
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fJe pjs ;dk ofynk. fJj ;ukJh fJj j fe nkgD ;wK d Tdkotkdh ;;EktK iowBh ftu wid
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BjhA ;h bJh ifawdko ofenk ik ;edk j. fJ;d fJbktk, fJe ns ihtB d gE d sohe d og
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ftu Tdkotkd ufoso ns dPfNeD ftu bkIwh og tbA nroIh ;h. jkbKfe, jrb Tdkotkd dk
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dPwB BjhA ;h feTAfe Tj iodko Yr tbA nikdh d ftuko dk pukt ehsk. jrb dnkok nikdh
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ns jo rD d ftu ;pX T¤s Io fdsk j, eJh jo bye dnkok. Tj ;ko jD d og ftu wipoh
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dk nDjAd d og ftu nikdh dh ntXkoDk ƒ ykfoi eo fdsk j, bJh fJj gdkoE dk nDjAd j.
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jo ekoeK tbA ty ftneshrs g;d dh gXkBsk nkw so T¤s rao^wkwbh jbksK ftu ;og b ?
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fbnk j ns d og ftu nikdh dh nfijh j fe soK n;bh nikdh BjhA wfBnk ik ;edk. Tj
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ng{oDsk ns/ atomistic ;kT ftneshtkd d ewioh ƒ wkBsk fdsh j ns fJj fJe ;wki fiE /
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ftneshrs nikdh ns ;tkfJssk dh gkgsh bJh ;kok YKu d Bkb pdbB dh wr ehsh. dBhnk
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d Jrb^;e;B i nikdh ns Py;hns T¤s Io fdsk dhnK ftukoeK d ftgohs, jrb nikdh
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ns ;wMdkoh T¤s io fdsk. oki dk gkbD ftZu, ftneshrs nkIkdh ns/ dbhb tbA nfGBJ /
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eo fojk ;h. jrb th ;sktkdh ;h bJh fJe ;kT, jo th ;sktkdh ;kT j ;edk j.
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• jrb pknd okiBhse f;XKs T¤s ek|h gGkt gkfJnk j, ftPP og tbA wkoe;tkd ns jAdtkd.
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Tj dBK ewhTBh;NK ns ckf;;NK d dnko ehsk frnk j fcbk;|o goBk d og ftu dkntk ehsk
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j. pohNhP nkdoPtkdh Nh. Ju. rohB hegelianism nB[e{fbs d/o tb'A T[ABh;thA ;dh ftZu
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Tdkotkd ftZu ;PXB. j/rb gGkfts, bergson eo;, ikB vth (1859^1952), jkfJvro
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(1889^1976) jaspers, fenoerkov ns ihnK gkb ;koso (1905^1980).
• jrb dk fJe jo wjstgoD gjb nkgDh wjstgoD ;wMdkoh ;h. go okiBhse gfoehnk dh
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TBK dh gSfrS T;ƒ BjhA sK oVhtkdh gy dk fJe BtK fB:w yfbnk. TBK dh fJe yi wB ;h,
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