Page 270 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI
P. 270

fJekJh^11L ekob wkoe;L ihtB ns/ eµw, G"fsetkd ns/ dtµdttkd G"fsetkd{/


                                                                                                  B'N
                                                                                 /
                                [
                                                                           Z
                                    Z
        Pk;so dh ftnkfynk ehsh. Tj fJe ;kwkie doPB fe tXdh ;otjkok tor dhnK fJSktK d Bkb XB
                                                                                      [
                                                     Z
                                            Q
                                      /
                                    /
                  [
          Z
                              Z
                        q
                                               [
                                                                                  Z
                                                                               /
                                                                                      /
                                                                                     µ
                                                                         /
                                                              [
                                                          q
                                                                   µ
                                                               /
        ftu ;h pDkTD dk g;skt ofynk. jrb dh soK, Tj coK;h;h eKsh T¤s ;kwstkd d fBXB d fJe ;es
                                                                   /
                                      /
                  /
                                    /
                                                                     [
           {
               Z
        d og ftu tfynk j, bfeB idA fe jrb dk dbhba ;h fe eKsh okPNo okiK d TdGt ftu jtrk, wkoe;
                          /
                       ?
                                                                               /
                                                                           Z
         /
                                '
                                                                              '
                                                     q
                                                             {
                                                                              /
                  /
                          "
             Z
                                                   q
        go fJe ns fInkdk wbe ns ;goD eKsh bJh fJe g;sktBk d og ftu jJ BIo tbA tfynk dP d /
                                                           /
                                                                            '
                                                Z
                                  µ
                                        q
           /
                                                                    /
                                /
                                                                                    /
                                                                 Z
                                   {
                                                                     /
                                                                                      Z
        okiK. coK;h;h eqKsh, i' pVZgD d/ ftBkP d/ Bkb nZr bJh wZX tor fbnkfJnk bkIwh o{g tb'A fJe
                                                   /
                 q
                                                      q
                                             Z
                            /
                                                                                /
                                                                           '
                                                                             '
                                                                                    /
                                        /
                                                           ?
                                                                                      Z
                                                            '
        okiBhse eKsh ;h. nrb edw bJh ehs ik fJe ;kwkie eKsh j i ;otjkok tor tbA jD d pko ftu
                                             ?
                                                   /
                    /
                             Z
        fbnkfJnk iktrk. fJj df;nk ikDk ukjhdk j fe coAefJ; BJb gracchus babeuf (1760^1797) d/
                                                           /
                                                          '
                                                     '
                                                                                      [
                              /
                      /
                                             µ
            /
        gfjb nikdh ns ;wkBsk d eKshtkdh Bkjo ndo ftoXkGk; ƒ fJfrs eoD bJh ehsk frnk ;h. Tj
                                                            µ
                                           /
                                q
                                                   '
                                          Z
                                             [
                       ?
                   q
            '
                                                                 {
         [
                 /
        Td:r ns eKsh j fe 1789 ftu |oK; ftu Po jfJnk gok eoD bJh Gwh dh ;wkiheoD dh tekbs
                                                      {
                                                '
                                              {
                                 Z
        ehsh.
                         Z
                   /
                                                                           Z
                                                                  [
        ;wkitkd nr eb wBy dh wesh bJh nkgD cB ftu ibdh Tdkotkd dh weshtkdh ss ehsk. wkoe;
                               [
                                                        [
                                                Z
                                            '
                  Z
                                           /
                         [
                     [
                                                                        ?
                                                                      /
                                                        /
                                  [
                                               {
                    /
                 /
                                                                           q
                                                  Z
                   '
                                '
        pokJh eod jJ ;wkitkdhnK i T;ƒ utopian d og ftu nkgD tor ;dGkt ns ro eKshtkdh okiBhsh
                                             /
                                                '
                                               {
                                          /
                                     Z
        T¤s Io dD d bJh, gfjbK eoko fdsk. bpb :NfgnB ;wkitkdhnK gfjbK okiBhse wkbh jkbs d /
                /
           /
             '
         [
                   /
                                                         [
                                                         Z
                                                                                     q
                                                   '
                                                      [
                                                                    /
                                                                      '
                                                                               [
        fJsjk; (1839) wkoe; fJ; :NfgnB ;wkitkdhnK tbA pjs eM f;fynk ;h iow blenqui dnkok g:r
                                                            Z
                                                                                      '
                                 '
                                {
                                     /
                  ?
        ehsk iKdk j ns TBK d ftukoK d pko ftu fInkdk tbA fInkdk Tj ed th ;theko eod j gotkj TXko
                                                                                     [
                                       Z
                          /
                                                          [
                        Q
                                                              /
                                                                           /
                     /
                                                                             ?
                                  /
                                                  '
                       [
                                                  Z
                                        /
                                                           /
                                /
        fbnk. ibdh ;wkitkdhnK ns wkoe; d ftu ;pX fJe j fe gbN sophists d Bkb ;KMk eoD bJh
                                                      ?
                                               µ
                                          Z
                                              µ
                                                                        /
                                                            '
                                                                /
                                 /
                                            [
           /
                                  '
        fJ; soK ehshnK ;h. wkoe; gbN ngwkfBs esoe dh soK, bfeB nkgD ftukoK ƒ eoidko ;h. wkoe;
                                                     Q
              Q
                                                        /
                   {
                                                                     /
                                                         /
                       Z
                                                                               Q
                             /
                                                            /
                                                              {
                                                              µ
                 /
        ftfrnkBh d og ftu nkgD ;wkitkd tofDs. ;kwkie ftek; d ns gihtkd d ekƒBK dk gVkJh eoD d /
               [
                                                                         /
                              {
                              µ
                                                                               Z
                                                                               [
                                                             ?
                                                      µ
                          ?
                       µ
                       [
                                                                                  /
                                     /
        pknd, Tj ;kps jdk j fe gihtkd d ftBkP bkIwh ;h dh wr ehsh j, bJh fJj nkgD epo gND ƒ iBw
          Z
        fdsk ;h.
         [
                  ?
                                              '
        eM ftuko j fe ibdh ;wkitkdhnK ftnes dh :iBk pDkJh wkbh jkbs eAdo, pokpo ewkJh, tos bJh
                                                                 /
                                                                                    '
         Z
                                                                      /
         [
                                                                        ?
                                                                                  /
        TsgkdB ns nkw nZSk j ns/ wBk|k, ikfJdkd dk ;tkfwst j ns/ oyD ns ro wkbdko d ftZu p /
                                                                Z
                             ?
                                                          ?
                                  [
                  /
                                                                      [
                                        '
        fJB;k|h ns pfJB;k|h ftu Bfse nkeoP bJh BjhA ;BeePktKH Tj gihtkd T¤s jmK fJe peko ns /
                                                                                 /
                                                                          /
                             Z
                                ?
                    /
                                                                µ
                                                             [
                                                                {
                                                                              Z
                                                                        /
                  /
                                                          /
                                                                                    [
                                                                             µ
                          Z
                                                            µ
                     /
                                                  '
               q
                             /
        nePw gDkbh d og ftu tfynk, bJh fJj rohph, poirkoh ns rdrh bJh nrtkJh. gihtkd pokJh
                       {
                                                 /
                                                                             {
        ;h feTAfe fJj fJe tor tfvnk ;wki dk TsgkdB. fJj wBy ;tkoEh, noiBPhb ns pofjwh
                                                                                   /
                                                                                 /
                               µ
                       Z
                                             [
              [
                                                           [
                                                           Z
                                                                    [
         q
                                                                    Z
                                                                             Q
                                                              /
        gsh;goXh pDkfJnk j, fi;d Bkb TBKƒ so;, ;kEh dh GktBk ns fJe iNsk dk TBK d ;tGkte
                                                                                   ?
                                                                                /
                                                                            [
                                                                 Z
                                       Q
                          ?
                                /
                                      [
                '
                                                                                Z
                                                                                  Z
         q
                                                         ?
                    {
                    µ
        gftosh yj. gihtkd dh TBK dh nkbuBk dBK fttjkoe ns Bfse ;h. tk;st ftu eJh, brGr fJ;
                             [
                                          '
                                                       /
                                                                        Z
                                      '
                              Q
                         [
        ;ko ftukoK wkoe; dnkok djokfJnk frnk ;h, fJbktk fJ;d fe Tj ;kps eo fdsk j fe gihtkd d /
                                                                                 µ
                                                                            ?
                                                             [
                                                        /
           /
                                                                                 {
                               [
                                                                         Z
                            [
                                                                                      [
                                           '
                                                                                      Z
                                                                       /
        ftBkP d eM Bshik fJj TsgkdB dh tik tbA bkIwh ;h. ibdh ;wkitkdhnK, T¤s fJ;d ftgohs, wBy
                                                                            /
                                       Q
               /
                                                                      [
                 Z
                 [
        GkJhuko ns Jesk dh GktBk bJh nghb dnkok fJSs spdhbh d pko ftu fbnkTD dh wr ehsh. Tj
                                                              /
                                                                             µ
                    /
                                                                                      [
                                                Z
               /
                                                           /
                                                                 Z
                                          [
                  /
                                                                        [
                         µ
                                                             Z
                                               Z
                                         /
         µ
         {
                       /
        gihtkd ƒ pdbB d sso ebgBk BjhA j, d og ftu Tj fJe ;wK ftu fbfynk j idA fJj th gihtkd d /
                                                     Z
                                                                         '
                                                                                 {
                                                                                 µ
                                                                      ?
                                       ?
                                           {
                                                  [
                                                                                  {
                                                                                  µ
                                          ?
                 '
                                              Q
                        [
                                                    /
                                                 /
                                                                  ?
                                                                       [
                                                                           Z
                                                                              {
               /
                                             [
        ftek; d eo; dh TAwhd ibdh ;h ;edk j. TBK d eofvN ;ukJh fJj j fe Tj fJe got gihtkdh
                                   [
                               [
                               Z
                            '
               /
        fwnkd d nshs d fJe ;Bk :r T¤s phDk BjhA ehsk ftu ofynk jfJnk j, bfeB ;ukJh fJj j fe T¤E /
                      /
                         Z
                                                                                      [
                                                   Z
                                                                                 ?
                                                           '
                                                                    /
                                                                 ?
                                    /
         '
                                                               /
                                                                       [
                                                                    /
        eJh fJsjk; ftu tkg; ik fojk ;h d pko ftu ikDd ;B. fJ;d pikJ, Tj ;wekbh n;bhns
                     Z
                                                     /
                                           /
                                        /
                                              Z
                            [
                                 ?
        wkBthfJeoD eoD bJh ufDnk j.
                                                                                                             263
                               LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
   265   266   267   268   269   270   271   272   273   274   275