Page 274 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

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nkgD/ epigram dh eM jrhfbnB nkdoPtkd dh unrealism d Bkb nkgD n;sP dk gsk ubk j, bJh
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fJj tk;sftesktK ƒ Biondki eo fdsk ns n;shstjhB ftu ftykfJnk.
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;kƒ ftdrXesh d iht wkc eoDk,
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i/eo n;h Bkg;d XBK rkBkl
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n;h nkgD nkg ƒ jrb ftu ;ebh j, ?
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T;d ;Adfonk Pk;so tbA n;h jD se BjhA purged ehsk frnk j.
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feTAfe wA ;GsA fInkdk yi ehsh j.
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ns ftuko dnkok rfjokJh gkfJnkl
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wA jK fJe dtsk dh soK wNk j ikDk, wA T;ƒ g;d j, jKo ftu SgkB d bJh,
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bp ;wK tbA wA yi ehsh s ftukoK dh ewkb ;wdo ‘s wrkJh s idA wA Ppd gkfJnk,
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wA eh gkfJnk ;h sih tbA fuge oj.
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PpdK wA fJe demonically eoD bJh TbMB ftu gVkTD.
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xN tbA xN Tj fInkdk ed ;hfws pVh dnkok gshpfXs ehsk iktrk,
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fJe roiB gP uNkB tbA fvrD jV d og ftu eoD d bJh,
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eth nkgDh gfJ;h d PpdK ns ftukoK invents.
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wDd ns Tj eh ;udk j ns ;udk j fe Tj eh wfj;; eodk jl ?
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jo eJh frnkB dh skIk nfws xN eo ;ed jB,
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;G d pknd, wA s;h ;G eM efj fojk jK feTAfe wA sƒ eM th BjhA df;nk j.
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idkJh dh ntXkoDk j fe nkgD noG dk ;kbK d dokB wkoe; fusk dk ftPk ;h ;gPN og tbA nkgDh
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eftsk gbfJo (1840), ftu ns Qulanem, fJe eftsk sok;dh ftu ftykfJnk frnk ;h. idA fe fJ;
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ftu, Tj fJe ftnesh dh xNBk d og ftu idkJh dh GktBk ;wM ftu nkfJnk, (1844) gKvfbghnK ftu
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Tj fJj ;wki dh fJe ftPPsk d og ftu tfynk ;h. jkbKfe eftsktK noG dk ;kbK ftu fbfynk frnk
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j, Tj wkoe; d pknd ;funk dh fdPk dk ;es.
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11H3 wkoe; vkeNo/N iKu gqpµX (Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation)
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wkoe; jrb dk fJe f;Xk ubk BjhA ;h, bfeB jrhfbnB f;XKsA ftu nkgD fjs itkB vkeNoK ebp
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ftZu. Egelians d Bkb TBK dh wmGV tbA Tgih. fJj fe wkoe; ;wekbh doPB ftu ouh j vkeNoK
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ebp ftu nkgD ftuko^ftwoP d dokB ehsk frnk ;h. itkB Egelians TBK d dPfNeD ftu eNogEh
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;B. Tj 1830 d dPe ns 1840 d dPe ftu iowBh ftu fJe nBkeko ;wj ;B, poB Bauer, ekob
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Kopper ns/ J/vkbc Rutenderg tb'A fwbe/. T[BQK ftZu Bauer gqGkfts wkoe; ;GsA. P[o{, itkB
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egelians Xkofwe ;tkbK ftu ouh oyd ;B, bfeB covfoe ftfbnw uEk ns g; ;A;ofPg dh SN d /
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ftb d Bkb, Tj nkgD okiBhse pfj; BtA f;o tbA. doPB ftu, Tj ;Nk soetkdh d og ftu tofDs
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ehsk ik ;edk j, bJh Tj ekoB dh Pesh dk ybk;k brksko ftu ftPtk;. Tj coK;h;h eKsh d f;XKsA '
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bJh fJe vxk gP;k ;k|. Tj ftnesh d nksw^usBk ns fJ;d ftek; d Bkb ;pX ;B. TBK dh jkbs
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Epicureans Skeptics ns Stoics, d pknd no;s dkoPfBeA wkoe; fiƒ nkswk ftu nwho d og ftu
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