Page 269 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

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jkbKfe, fJ;dh ;EkgBk d pjs ;ko wkoe;tkd nkbuBk ns nkbueK dh gP;k dh fJe fe;w d Bkb
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;kwDk ehsk ;h. tk;st ftu, wkoe;tkd d ndo fttkdK fitA fe wkoe;tkd, Tdkotkd dh soK, fJe
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SKdk ftukoXkok pB frnk j. wkoe; d fbykJh d ;doG ftu, ftdtkBK d wkoe; dh rbL itkB ns /
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pV. itkB wkoe; i[dkJh, wBy e[dos ns/ fBshesk d/ Bkb ;µpX ;h, g[okD ns/ fBnskswe g{ihtkd d/
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ewXdk d nkgD ftu rfjokJh tbA gVkJh d Bkb ;h. dBK d ftu dh eVh grundrisse (1857^1858) ns /
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okiBhse wkbh jkbs (1859) dh nkbuBk eoD bJh ikD gfjukD ;h.
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fJe jo wjstgoD ;ukJh fJj j fe uko wkoe; fbykJh d covfoe d Bkb ;fj:r ftu fbfynk frnk ;h
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Jrb; (1820^1895), nkgD d;s ns ekwov. wkoe; dh ws d pknd, Jrb; ;gkds ns gekfPs
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wkoe; d/ u/b/ d/ o{g ftZu nkgD/ eµwK d/ e[M, feµBk wkoe; d/ w{b d/ pko/ ftZu ;tkb u[eD ns/ J/r/b;
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ftnkyktKeh ;B. nkwso T¤s fJj wfBnk iKdk j fe wkoe; ;kwkfBJhfes ftPP xNBktK, ftPP og tbA '
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fJe fij :kBh d nkXko T¤s. di jE T¤s Jrb; ns fBnskswe ;h, fJe fij tbA ftPP (1981
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carver) ftPbPD. Jrb; fJe ihfBn; d og wkoe; ;theko ehsk, idA fe, ;otsw, T¤s Tj GkrK
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tkbk ;h. wkoe; fJe gotse ;h ns popularizer J/r/b;.
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eh s;h ikDd jA< wkoe; gfjbh tko fJem dBK fJe ;;rs dBhnk ƒ dyD ns ;xoP dh fJe
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GktgoD f;XKs ftu ;wkitkdh ;funk dh tyok fe;wK fbnkTD ftukoe ;h.
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wkoe; okiBhse doPB j fe wBy wesh d TdP tbA gwy Io ;wM, fJj TbyBh: j fe yKd ftu
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wjstgoD pdbkt j fe do tbA 17 thnK ;dh ftu jfJnk j idA okiBhse ewh d nkXko T¤s nkdP d /
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gkogoe ftPbPD pjskfJs d fJe doPB d dnko pdb fdsk frnk ;h. fJ;dk wsbp fJj j fe jD
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rohph ns fJe tko edosh, ofynk jfJnk j ns bkIwh og ftu tfynk n;wkBsktK T¤s ftuko ehsk
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frnk nkdwh pDkfJnk j ns fJ;bJh rbkH be ns ico;B ;kT fbykJh fJ; weshtkdh fB:w
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gfobefPs. jkbKfe, ibdh Tdkotkd dh n;cbsk bJh nkgD nkg d tkd ƒ gok ;wkitkdh ftukoK d /
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crystallization dk nrtkJh ehsk.
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d f;XKsA, noEks ftoXh fjsK bJh ro^gfjbeko ;wkXkB d og ftu Pkfwb okiBhsh ns fJ; ;wk:iB
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eoD ftu goGkth jD d og ftu besfoe soheK d wjst T¤s ;kT f;XKs. Hinged jkbKfe fJj
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ftneshtkd dh jrhfbnB nkbuBk d ;frnkB fbnk j, fJj d gwy wkBsktK d ;theko BjhA ehsk.
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gfjbk ;h fe ;wki ub rJ, antithetical pbK j i nkgD ftxNB ns strifes dnkok ;kwkie spdhbh
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gdk ;sbB ns dik, fe ;kwkie fJsjk; pjs skesK fe TBKƒ gdk ftu ofynk jfJnk ;h. jrhfbnB
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doPB d fJ; gfjbnK TABh;thA ;dh d okiBhse f;XKs ftu fJe fBoDkfJe Gfwek fBGkJh j ns pknd
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wkoe; pko ftu dnkok fbnkfJnk spdhbh d ekoB wy og tbA. ;xoP dBK jrhfbnB ns wkoe;tkdh
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okiBhse f;XKs ftu fJe wjstgoD Gfwek fBGkJh, fi;d Bkb pkjo contending dbK d nkg;h wBk|k
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bJh PKshgoB ;wk:iB ;skoYa.
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wkoe; articulating ns pukt wZX tor d/ fjsK d/ og ftZu Culminate Tdkotkd ns Pk;soh noE
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