Page 9 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_PUNJABI

g¤Swh okiBhse ftuko

B'N gogok d ndo T; B ftekoK ns n;bh dBhnk d ;eN dh XkoBk ns nkgD gkmeK bJh fJe ukjD :r
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okiBhse ftt;Ek ehsh j, i ni se TBK d gP;eK ns nkbueK ƒ wfjs eo ojh j. Tjƒ ftukoK dk
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fJe eth, ;dosk dk fJe dkoPfBe ns ;jkodgoD gE d ;;Ekge ;u d og ftu tofDs ehsk frnk j.
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Gfsetkd ns gkPfte ;tkoE B T; woy dh fBfdnk bJh gP;k ehsh rJh j. dBK |oBefJ;^wkoJh
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no'T[N tkbN/no (1694^1778) ns/ co/vfoe ftbj/w BhsP/ (1844^1900) Jh;kJh Xow d/ p''fXe gZy
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(1955) d og ftu gbNtkd ftPPsk ehsh j. joK dh soK ikB o;feB (1819^1900) ns ftfbnw wkfo;
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(1834^1896) gb/N' dh wB[Zy g{oBsk ns/ T[sfeqPNsk bJh fuµsk tb'A nkeoPs ;B. okbc tkbv J/wo;zB
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(1803^1882) Ts;kjgoB gekfonk.
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gbN cb;|k j ns cb;|k gbN j gbN d pkjo bJh j? ;ko uhiK jB i' eo oj jB
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nkTAdk j jD th fbfynk j ns beK dhnK ;uK dh pfj; ftu ;hHHH. fJ; feskp ftu
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TBK d wbK d g;sekfbnk ƒ ;kfVnk j.
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gbN rohe okiBhse f;XKs dh BhAj ftSkTD bJh nkefbs ehsk frnk j, T; B gsk brkfJnk, ftPbPD
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ehsk ns dkoPfBe dPfNeD ns wfdnK,fi; Ts gSw tkbh okiBhse gogok fNeh jJh j dh fJe cbh
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oAi ƒ eto ehsk. no;s, be^oki ftu nkswe ftukoK d fJe nkbue, TBK ftuA eJh ƒ ngtkB eo
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fdsk j, bfeB eƒB ftu gbN ;soheoD cbh jJh j. fJj fJ; ekoB j fe tjkfJNjv, gbN d ;GsA '
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Tg:es PoXKibh dD tkb B fejk fe go :ogh dkoPfBe gogok ftu eM th BjhA j, bfeB gbN d /
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cNBN d fJe ;N d bJh j.
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Ponks sA no;s Bkb, idA fe gbN gP;eK bJh ehsk frnk j, Tj nkbueK d nkgD fj; th fgnk j.
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nkgD jkb d nkbueK ftuA fInkdkso 20th ;dh ftu ;kT gogok d ndo ehsk frnk j. TjBK B /
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grshPhb, wkBth ns bessfoe nkdoPK\ d gsh nkgDh dPwBh bJh gbN ƒ PkpkPh ehsh ns T;dh
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nkXfBe fdB nfXBkfJetkd dh gP;k ehsh j, i nkgD nkg ftu fJe thjthA ;dh xNBk d dkoPfBe
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nrods d og ftu wfBnk iKdk j. ftvpBk fJj j fe, 19th ;dh ftu Tdkotkdh fInkdk gbN dh
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PkpkPh eod ;B, T;ƒ T; fwnkd d fJe ;kT jD dk dkntk eo oj ;B.
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1H1 ihtB YKuk (Life Sketch)
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gbN wJh^iB 428$27 ftu JEA; ftu JhHgH ftu gdk jfJnk ;h, fJe fJIs tkb, ebhB, jkbKfe
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pyskto gotko BjhA j. TBK d fgsk nfo;NB, JEA; d noG d okfinK bJh nkgD gotiK dk gsk
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brkfJnk, Bkb jh g;hvB dk, ;kro d GrtkB. T;dh wK, gfoeNfJB, ;bB(640^559 Jh g), JEA; d /
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gf;X Pk;oeko dh fJe tPe ;h. gfoeNfJB dk Gok ukowhd; ns ukuk eohNhnk 30 NkJoKBN; i '
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bVkJh (431^404 JhH gH) ftu nkgDh jko d pknd JEA; Pk;B d ftu ;B. gbN dh fJe (Potone) GD
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d Gok (Adeimantus ns/ Glaucon), ns/ fJZe ;''s/bk Gok (gshrkB) ;h.
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Tj nkgD nSk br oj ns nkeoPe ;Gkn bJh ikfDnk iKdk ;h. Tj ;rhs, fj;kp, eftsk ns p:kB
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pkih d gVkJh ftu Tsw BwkfJP eodk ;h. Tj fsB :XK ftu bfVnk ns pjkdoh bJh fJe fJBkw
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fishnk. Tj ed BjhA ftnkfJnk.
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fJj ;tGkte ;h fe ghfynk ns 399 JhH gH ftu ;eoks dk fBPgkdB gbN d ihtB ftu fJe wjstgoD
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2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY