Page 106 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ5% jktuhfrd lekthdj.k

5-2 jktuhfrd lekthdj.k osQ vfHkdrkZ (Agents of Political Socialisation) uksV

;fn jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dk lacaèk y{;ksa dh fn'kk esa O;fDr;ksa osQ vfHkfoU;kl ls gS] rks vc ge mu
vfHkdrkZvksa (agents) dh Hkwfedk dk voyksdu djsaxs tks ekudksa osQ vaxhdj.k (Norn-internalization) esa
viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrs gSaA ,slh [kkst djus esa mu dkjdksa dh Hkwfedk Hkh vk tkrh gS ftudk O;fDr
osQ eu ij çR;{k ,oa ijks{k çHkko iM+rk gS vkSj bl çdkj os mlosQ O;fDrRo osQ fu[kkj esa ;ksxnku djrs gSaA
;fn lhèks lkns 'kCnksa esa dgk tk, rks bldk ;g vFkZ gS fd ge mu dkjdksa dk] la{ksi esa] vè;;u djsa tks
jktuhfrd ekudksa vkSj ewY;ksa dks vaxhdkj djrs gSa ftUgsa igys osQ ;qxksa osQ yksx ukxfjd f'k{kk esa ikB] ukxfjdrk
osQ fy, çf'k{k.k] lÙkk:<+ yksxksa osQ O;ogkj vkSj lkekftd o jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk dgk djrs FksA
bl çdkj] bl oDrO; osQ ;FkkFkZ dk irk yxkus osQ fy, ifjokj] Ldwy] ppks±] leku yksxksa osQ lewgksa] tu&laidZ
lkèkuksa vkSj tu lacaèkksa dh Hkwfedk dk voyksdu fd;k tkuk pkfg,% D;ksafd O;fDr dh jktuhfrd vfHko`fÙk;ka]
vfHkfoU;klksa vkSj ewY;ksa dks vknku çnku djus esa lnSo O;fDr dks çHkkfor fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, ;g
lekthdj.k dh çfØ;k mez Hkj pyrh jgrh gSA¸ ;k tSlk fd ckWy us dgk gS% ¶jktuhfrd lekthdj.k ,slh
çfØ;k ugha gS tks ckY;dky osQ çHkkoxzg ;ksX; o"kks± rd lhfer gks] cfYd ;g rks lkjs o;Ld thou osQ nkSjku
pyrh jgrh gSA¸

lcls igys ifjokj dk LFkku vkrk gS ftls cPps osQ fy, ¶ckgj dh nqfu;k ij [kqyus okyh igyh f[kM+dh dguk
pkfg,_ ;g cPps dk çkfèkdkj osQ lkFk igyk lEidZ gSA¸ O;fDr osQ jktuhfrd O;fDrRo osQ fuekZ.k esa ifjokj
dk çeq[k ;ksxnku ml Hkwfedk ls mRi gksrk gS ftls mldh cqfu;knh vkSj varHkwZr vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ
fy, eq[; lkèku vkSj {ks=k le>k tk ldrk gSA bl çdkj] cPpk vius ekrk&firk osQ lkFk viuk rknkRe;
djuk pkgrk gS vkSj jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ çfr muosQ n`f"Vdks.k dks viukuk pkgrk gSA firk vkfn& :ih;
çkfèkdkj osQ çfr cPps osQ fopkjksa dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrk gSA tSlk osQ Msot us dgk gS% ¶ifjokj ekufld
:i esa uXu f'k'kq dks iwjh rjg ls vkHkwf"kr O;fDrRo osQ :i esa :ikarfjr djus osQ eq[; lkèku çnku djrk
gSA O;fDr dk vfèkdka'k jktuhfrd O;fDrÙoμ,d lkekU; o;Ld ukxfjd vkSj çeq[k jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ osQ
:i esa dk;Z djus lsμ?kj ij gh fuèkkZfjr gksrk gS vkSj ,d lkèkkj.k o;Ld ukxfjd ,oa ,d jktuhfrd
drkZ&èkrkZ osQ :i esa mHkjus ls dbZ o"kZ iwoZ gh ,slk fuèkkZj.k gks tkrk gSA¸ jkcVZ ysu us lq>ko fn;k gS fd
ifjokj osQ ekè;e ls rhu jktuhfrd fo'oklksa dh uhao dk U;kl fd;k tk ldrk gS% (1) çR;{k ;k ijks{k :i
esa erkjksi.k (indoctrination)] (2) ,d fo'ks"k lkekftd lanHkZ esa cPps dks j[kdj] vkSj (3) cPps oQk
O;fDrRo <ky djA
blosQ ckn] çkFkfed f'k{kk osQ osQUæ osQ :i esa Ldwy dk LFkku vkrk gSA jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh O;k[;k esa
f'k{kk dks cgqr le; ls ,d egRoiw.kZ pj le>k tkrk jgk gS vkSj bl ckr dk çek.k fn;k tk ldrk
gS fd og jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dk ,d vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ lkèku gSA vkeaM vkSj ockZ us bl ckr dh vksj
laosQr fd;k gS fd fdlh O;fDr dh f'k{kk ftruh O;kid gksxh mruk gh og ljdkj osQ çHkko osQ çfr ltx
gksxk] jktuhfr dk vuqlj.k dj ik,xk] vfèkd ls vfèkd jktuhfrd tkudkjh çkIr dj losQxk] mlosQ
jktuhfrd ekeyksa ij O;kid er gksaxs] vfèkd ls vfèkd jktuhfrd n`f"V ls tkx:d yksxksa ls vfèkd ls
vfèkd jktuhfrd ppkZ,a djsxk] og jktuhfrd ekeyksa dks çHkkfor djus dh vfèkd ;ksX;rk vuqHko djsxk]
og LoSfPNd laxBuksa esa lnL;rk xzg.k djsxk vkSj buesa lfØ; :i esa Hkkx ysxk] vius lkekftd i;kZoj.k

esa fo'okl O;Dr djsxk vkSj fo'okl dh Hkkoukvksa dks çnf'kZr djsxkA bl dkj.k ikB~;Øeksa osQ p;u dk
viuk gh egRo gks x;k gSA jktuhfrd n`f"V ls tkx:d yksx vius fgrksa osQ vuqdwy ikB~;Øeksa esa la'kksèku
osQ fy, [kwc la?k"kZ djrs gSaA blh dkj.k] osQjy esa eqfLye yhx osQ usrkvksa us Ldwyh ikB~;iqLrdksa esa ls mu

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