Page 109 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV vè;;u dks vR;fèkd laHkkouk'khy mikxeksa esa ls ,d mikxe dgk tkrk gSA ftlus gkfy;k jktuhfrd oSKkfudksa]
jktuhfrd lekt oSKkfudksa vkSj jktuhfrd oSKkfudksa_ fo'ks"kdj vejhdh] dks çsfjr fd;k gSA mudh bPNk ,sls
dkjdksa dks ns[kus dh gS ftUgksaus jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks :ikarfjr dj fn;k gS vkSj tks fo'ks"kdj fo'o osQ fiNM+s
gq, vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrs jgs gSaA oLrqr% ftl ckr us fo}kuksa dks bl fn'kk
esa viuk ;ksxnku çnku djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;k gS og mudh ,sls midj.kksa dk fodkl djus dh mRlkgiw.kZ
[kkst gS ftlls fo|eku jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dks ,sls :i esa ifjofrZr gksus ls cpkus dk iz;Ru fd;k tks LorU=k
vkSj [kqys lektksa osQ txr osQ foijhr gSaA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh ladYiuk
ij vuqnkj gksus dk vkjksi yxk;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd jktuhfrd fodkl dh leLr ladYiuk dk mís'; ;Fkk rF;
(status quo) dh j{kk djus vkSj mls cuk, j[kuk gS] blfy, jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh ladYiuk ij Hkh ogh
vkjksi yxk, tk ldrs gSa D;ksafd og mlh dh O;qRifÙk gSA
bl çdkj] jktuhfrd lekthdj.k ladYiuk u rks mu yksxksa osQ mís';ksa dks iwjk dj ldrh gS tks ekDlZokn&ysfuuokn
osQ vuq;k;h gSa] u gh ;g mu yksxksa dks iw.kZ:i esa larq"V dj ldrh gS tks oSKkfud lektokn osQ fodYi dh [kkst
esa yxs gq, gSaA ekDlZoknh bl ckr dk [kqysvke ,yku djrs gSa fd nk'kZfudksa us vc rd fo'o dh O;k[;k dh gS]
leL;k ;g gS fd bls fdl çdkj cnyk tk,A blh dkj.k] os jktuhfrd lekthdj.k tSlh fdlh Hkh ladYiuk dks
vLohdkj dj nsrs gSa D;ksafd og cqtqZvk eu dh prqj nsu gSA blesa fo'ks"k rjg ls mYys[kuh; ckr ;g gS fd jktuhfrd
euksoSKkfudksa dk iwjk mikxe gh LorU=k fo'o osQ fo}kuksa dks larq"V djus esa vleFkZ jgk gS D;ksafd mUgksaus vius mu
lkfFk;ksa dh rjg mls iw.kZ:i esa vLohdkj ugha fd;k gS tks ekDlZoknh&ysfuuoknh fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h gSaA vejhdh
jktuhfrd oSKkfudksa dh ubZ ih<+h us çfreku pjksa (pattern variables) vkSj mudh vkuqHkkfod fof'k"Vrkvksa
(empirical specifications) esa dbZ nks"k <wa<+s gSa osQoy ;gh ugha fd rhljh nqfu;k osQ fodkl'khy ns'kksa ij cfYd muosQ
vius ns'kksa ij Hkh bUgsa fdl çdkj ykxw fd;k tk, tks eqækLiQhfr] csjkstxkjh vkSj ;q¼ tSlh fo"ke leL;kvksa esa tdM+s
gq, gSa vkSj tks mudh jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dh vfrthfork osQ fy, xaHkhj [krjk cus gq, gSaA

rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa osQ jktuhfrd fodkl osQ vè;;u ls irk pyrk fd ftl çfreku dks egku vejhdh
ys[kdksa us çLrqr fd;k gS] ml jktuhfrd lekthdj.k osQ uewus dks cgqr vfèkd lsukvksa] cgqr vfèkd
lsodra=kh; ijthfork] cgqr vfèkd vleku vkSj vi;kZIr mRiknu] ;kstukvksa osQ çn'kZu ij cgqr vfèkd cy]
fofHk lektksa osQ chp fojksèkksa dh vfèkd vfHkO;fDr djus] vkSj la{ksi esa] laHkzkartuksa osQ fy, cgqr vfèkd
jktuhfrd o tulkèkkj.k dh ukdkiQh lgHkkfxrk esa mi;ksx esa ugha yk;k tk ldrkA 'kh?kz ugha cfYd cgqr gh
yEcs vlsZ osQ ckn if'peh çfreku dks] fo'ks"kdj dbZ rhljs fo'o osQ usrkvksa osQ ewY;ksa y{;ksa osQ fujis{k Lo:i
osQ lUnHkZ esa] vi;kZIr le>k tkus yxkA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, (Fill in the Blanks)—

1- vkeaM vkSj ockZ us bl ckr dh vksj laosQr fd;k gS fd fdlh O;fDr dh --------------------- ftruh
O;kid gksxh og jktuhfrd :i esa mruk gh tkx:d gksxkA
2- tc cPpk vius ifjokj vkSj çkFkfed Ldwy osQ çHkkoksa ls mHkjdj vkxs vkrk gS vkSj
---------- osQ txr esa igq¡prk gS mls ^leku O;fDr;ksa osQ xqV* ;k lelewg (peer groups)
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

3- ------------------------------ dh çfØ;k esa u osQoy ifjokjksa vkSj f'k{kk osQUæksa cfYd lkekftd vkSj
jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dh Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
4- jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k gsrq fo'ks"kdj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ---------------- dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA
5- O;fDr osQ O;fDrRo osQ ------------------------ ij tulapkj osQ ekè;eksa dk viuk gh çHkko gksxkA

104 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY