Page 107 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV va'kksa dks fudkyus osQ fy, la?k"kZ fd;k ftuesa Lora=krk ls iwoZ osQ ;qx esa tokgjyky usg: us yhx dh
lkEçnkf;d vkSj jk"Vªfojksèkh Hkwfedk osQ ckjs esa dgk FkkA bl ckjs esa mUgksaus bl ckr dh tksjnkj ekax dh
gS fd f'k{kk laLFkkvksa esa ¶dkys yksxksa osQ ckjs esa vè;;u¸ osQ dk;ZØeksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,A
bl fn'kk esa ftl ckr dk T;knk egRo gS] og ;g gS fd jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh leL;k ml le; mRiÂ
gksrh gS tc cPpk vius ifjokj vkSj çkFkfed Ldwy osQ çkjafHkd çHkkoksa ls mHkj dj vkxs vkrk gS vkSj mPprj
d{kkvksa osQ txr esa igq¡prk gS ftls ^leku O;fDr;ksa osQ xqV* ;k ^le&lewg (peer groups) Hkh dgk tkrk gS
vkSj bl çdkj og vU; çHkkoksa osQ vèkhu gks tkrk gS tks çkjafHkd jktuhfrdj.k dks ¶çpfyr vkSj bldks {kh.k
Hkh dj ldrs gSaA¸ ekfVZu ysfou us irk yxk;k gS fd O;fDr;ksa esa bl ckr dh ço`fÙk gksrh gS fd ^lelewg*
esa Hkh yksx ^cgqer çkIr lewg* dks viuk ysrs gSaA cM+s Nk=kksa dh vfHko`fÙk;ksa ij vè;;u ikB~;Øeksa] okn&fooknksa]
ppkZvksa vkSj vU; ikB~;srj dk;Zdykiksa dk fuf'pr lanHkZ esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gS vkSj os jktuhfrd çcksèk

(poltical enlightenment) osQ çHkkoh lkèku cu tkrs gSaA bl rjg ls f'k{kk 'kkL=k dk lkekftd foKkuksa ls lacaèk
gks tkrk gS D;ksafd] tSlk fd lhñ jkbV feYl us viuh jpuk ^n lks';kyksthdy besthus'ku* (The Sociological

Imagination) esa dgk] ¶nksuksa dk mís'; ,sls yksxksa vkSj O;fDr;ksa dks rS;kj djuk gS tks O;fDrxr vkSj
lkekftd lacaèkksa osQ lkFk jgus osQ ;ksX; gSa vksj mudh i;kZIr ifjHkk"kkvksa osQ vuqlkj jg ldrs gSA¸
eku&vaxhdj.k (norm-internalization) dh çfØ;k esa u osQoy ifjokjksa vkSj f'k{kk osQUæksa cfYd lkekftd vkSj
jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dh Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] èkkfeZd laLFkkvksa osQ egRo dks fdlh Hkh
rjg ls ghu ugha le>k tkuk pkfg,A èkkfeZd laLFkkvksa dk jktuhfrd vfHko`fÙk;ksa ij çHkko tkfgj rkSj ij de
gksrk gS tc ;g vU; lektdkjh laLFkkvksa dks çcfyr djrh gSa] ysfdu cgqr ls mnkj&yksdrkaf=kd vkSj
lokZfèkdkjoknh ;wjksih; ns'kksa ij jkseu dSFkksfyd èkeZ dh Hkwfedk gesa blosQ jkT; vkSj f'k{kk nksuksa osQ lkFk fojksèk
osQ mnkgj.k çLrqr djrh gSa 'kk;n ;g dbZ ns'kksa esa vkSjrks osQ jktuhfrd O;ogkj dk fnXn'kZu djkus esa ,d
egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSA¸ jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k osQ gsrq fo'ks"kdj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ;qok vkanksyuksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
gksrh gSA gesa jktuhfrd nyksa dh Hkwfedk dk Hkh voyksdu djuk pkfg, tks vfèkd foLr`r gksrh gS D;ksafd
mUgsa (nyksa dks) O;kid leFkZu çkIr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ljdkj dh dqy feykdj Hkwfedk dks]
fo'ks"kr;k lksfo;r la?k vkSj if'peh teZuh esa] vo'; vPNh çdkj ls ns[kk tkuk pkfg, tgka jktuhfrd f'k{kk
dks çksRlkfgr djus osQ fy, LoSfPNd ;qok oxks± vkSj laxBuksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tkrh gSA

gesa O;fDr osQ vuqHkoksa dk Hkh ijh{k.k djuk pkfg, ftls og vius jkstxkj osQ nkSjku xzg.k djrk gSA ftl
çdkj ,d fu;kstd vius deZpkfj;ksa osQ çfr O;ogkj djrk gS mlls ekuo çd`fr osQ ckjs esa xgu varn`f"ZV
xzg.k dh tk ldrh gSA ,d cPps osQ :i esa ,d ,sls ifjokj esa ijofj'k ikdj] ftldk lapkyu yksdrkaf=kd
vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ftlesa ,d nwljs osQ çfr lg;ksx dh Hkkouk gksrh gS] dksbZ O;fDr vkØks'k]
;gka rd fd fgalk] dh Hkkouk O;Dr dj ldrk gS vxj og ns[krk gS fd mldk fu;kstd uhp O;ogkj
djrk gSA ;gha ij vius vèkhuLFk deZpkfj;ksa ij çHkqRo dh vfHko`fÙk dk vèkhuLFk deZpkfj;ksa dh vius
ofj"B lg;ksfx;ksa osQ çfr vknj vkSj fufeZr vkSipkfjd laxBu] ;Fkk Dyc vkSj ;wfu;u] os ekè;e cu tkrs
gSa ftuosQ tfj;s jktuhfrd lwpuk vkSj fo'oklksa dk lapkj gksrk gS vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth dh çfØ;k esa
fdlh çdkj ls Hkkx ysuk ,oa fdlh gM+rky ls lEc¼ gksuk fu;kstdksa vkSj etnwjksa osQ fy, leku <ax ls
'kfDr'kkyh lektdkjh vuqHko gks ldrk gSA gM+rkyh etnwj u osQoy ;g lh[krk gS fd og vius HkkX;
osQ ckjs esa çkfèkÑr fu.kZ;ksa dks vkdkj çnku dj ldrk gS] cfYd mls fof'k"V dk;Zdq'kyrkvksa osQ ckjs esa
Hkh tkudkjh çkIr gksrh gS tSls çn'kZu vkSj u'kkcUnh djuk] ftls ckn esa jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa esa Hkkx ysus
gsrq bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA

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