Page 221 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV rFkk mnkj] Li"V ,oa rdZiw.kZ fopkj esa ik;k gSA iQjxwlu ,oa eSdgsujh osQ 'kCnksa esa dqN U;k;kèkh'k izfrHkk'kkyh
vfèkdka'k vkSlr ;ksX;rk osQ rFkk dqN lkekU; Js.kh osQ gq, gSaA
inkofèk] inP;qfr rFkk osru % la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk eas fczVsu osQ leku U;k;kèkh'kksa dk dk;Z&dky vkthou gSA
lnkpkj dky (God behaviour) rd os vius in ij jg ldrs gSaA 70 o"kZ dh voLFkk izkIr djus ij os R;kx&i=k
nsdj dk;Z&fuo`r gks ldrs gSaA ijarq Hkkjr esa 65 o"kZ dh voLFkk osQ ckn esa fuo`Ùk gks tkrs gSa rFkk fLoV~tjySaM esa
mudk dk;kZy; fliQZ 6 o"kZ gSA dk;kZofèk osQ vUrxZr gh vesfjdk esa U;k;kèkh'kkksa dks egkfHk;ksx (Impeachment)
}kjk inP;qr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr osQ laln osQ nksuksa lnuksa osQ fuosnu djus ij mUgsa jk"Vªifr inP;qr dj ldrk
gSA vHkh rd osQoy lseq,y pst (Sammuel Chase) uke U;k;èkh'k ij egkfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k gS ysfdu og Hkh
funksZ"k ik;k x;kA
loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'kksa dk osru dkaxzsl }kjk fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA fuèkkZfjr osru esa mlosQ dk;Zdky
osQ Hkhrj dVkSrh ugha gks ldrhA bl le; eq[; U;k;kèkh'k dks 40]000 MkWyj vkSj vU; U;k;kèkh'kksa dks 32]000
MkWyj osru] tks vk;dj eqDr ugha gS] izfro"kZ feyrk gSA

izkjEHk esa loksZPp U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr vkSj izfr"Bk (Power and presitge) ugha osQ
cjkcj FkhA ;gk¡ rd fd okf'akxVu U;k;kèkh'k in osQ fy, N% ;ksX; O;fDr;ksa dks ugha ik
ldkA izFke eq[; U;k;kèkh'k tkWu gs (John Hay) us xouZj in osQ i{k esa R;kx&i=k ns
fn;k FkkA ysfdu Øe'k% bldh izfr"Bk c<+us yxh vkSj mUuhloha 'krkCnh fo'ks"kdj eq[;
U;k;kfèkifr ek'kZy osQ dk;Z&dky ls ;g 'kfDr'kkyh rFkk xkSjoiw.kZ laLFkk cu x;hA

loksZPp U;k;ky; dk dk;Zdj.k (Working of the Supreme Court)
loksZPp U;k;ky; dk l=k izfro"kZ vDVwcj osQ izFke lkseokj ls izkjEHk gksrk gS vkSj twu 'kq: easa lekIr gks tkrk
gSA vko';drk iM+us ij eq[; U;k;kèkh'k fo'ks"k l=k Hkh cqyk ldrk gSA eq[; U;k;k/h'k okf'kaxVu esa vofLFkr vius
HkO; Hkou esa cSBrk gSA eq[; U;k;kèkh'k iz'kkldh; izèkku gSA og cSBdksa dh vè;{krk djrk gS rFkk U;k;ky; osQ
fu.kZ;ksa vkSj vkKkvksa dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gSA vfHk;ksxksa dh lquokbZ eaxyokj] o`gLifrokj rFkk 'kqØokj dks gksrh gSA
'kfuokjdks U;k;kèkh'k ijLij fopkj&fofue; djrs rFkk lkseokj dks lkoZtfud :i ls fu.kZ; nsrs gSA eqdnesa dh
lquokbZ rFkk fu.kZ; osQ fy, 6 U;k;kèkh'kksa dh x.kiwfrZ (Quorum) vko';d gSA fu.kZ; osQ i{k esa er nsus okyh
fdlh Hkh U;k;kèkh'k dks fu.kZ; fy[kus osQ fy, dgk tk ldrk gSA vr% lHkh U;k;kèkh'k lHkh eqdneksa esa dkiQh pkSdl
jgrs gSaA eqdnesa dk fu.kZ; cgqer ls gksrk gS ysfdu cgqer osQ fu.kZ; fo:¼ dksbZ U;k;kèkh'k fHkUu er (Dissenting
Opinion) ns ldrk gSA ;|fi fHkUu er fujFkZd gS fiQj Hkh dHkh&dHkh izpkj osQ iQyLo:i tuer ij bldk
i;kZIr izHkko iM+rk gS vkSj var eas ns'k] dh fofèk;ksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ fopkj rFkk fu.kZ;ksa
dks la;qDr jkT; fjiksVZl (United State Reports) esa izdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gS tks lkafoèkkfud fofèk osQ ,sfrgkfld
fodkl rFkk orZeku fLFkfr dk vfèkdkfèkd L=kksr gSA
loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ {ks=kkfèkdkj ,oa dk;Z (Jurisdiction and Role of Supreme Court)

lkafoèkkfud micaèk% la?kh; U;k;ky; dk vfèkdkj {ks=k osQoy dqN ,sls fo"k;ksa rd lhfer gS ftudk lafoèkku
esa Li"V mYys[k gS ;k tks lafoèkku esa miyf{kr (Implied) gSaA 'ks"k leLr fo"k;ksa ij jkT; osQ U;k;ky;ksa dk vfèkdkj
gSA loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ vfèkdkj&{ks=k osQ fo"k;ksa esa vuqPNsn 3 esa dgk x;k gS& bl U;k;ky; dk vfèkdj {ks=k
jkT; jfpr ,oa ijaijk izkIr dkuwu rFkk lkekU; fl¼kUr (Equity) nksuksa gh gksaxs] mu fLFkfr;ksa esa tks bl lafoèkku
esa la;qDr jkT; osQ dkuwuksa rFkk la;qDr jkT; }kjk dh x;h vFkok dh tkus okyh lfUèk;ksa osQ vuqlkj mRiUu gksxhA

216 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY