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bdkbZμ9% laoSèkkfud lajpukμU;k;ikfydk

fy[kk gS fd ¶fdlh ljdkj dh mÙkerk dh dlkSVh mlosQ U;k; foHkkx dh dq'kyrk gS_ D;ksafd lkèkkj.k ukxfjd uksV
osQ fgr rFkk lqj{kk osQ fgr esa ;g Hkkouk vko';d gS fd muosQ lkFk mfpr U;k; 'kh?kz fd;k tk;A fiQj czkbl
osQ gh 'kCnksa esa ¶;fn U;k; dk nhi v¡aèksjs esa cq> tk; rks og v¡èksjk fdruk xgu gksxk] bldh dYiuk ugha dh
tk ldrhA¸ la{ksi esa] ,d fu"i{k ,oa LorU=k U;k; foHkkx ;k U;k;ikfydk osQ fcuk fdlh lH; laxBu dh dYiuk
ugha dh tk ldrhA

9-1 vejhdh loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu (US Supreme Court and
Judicial Review)

loksZPp U;k;ky; (The Supreme Court)

'kfDr] izfr"Bk vkSj laxBu % la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dh la?kh; U;k;ikfydk osQ 'kh"kZ ij loksZPp U;k;ky; vofLFkr
gSA bldk fuekZ.k lafoèkku }kjk vfuok;Z crk;k x;k gSA dkaxzsl us U;k;ikfydk vfèkfu;e] 1789 }kjk bls laxfBr
fd;kA vkt lkoZtfud 'kfDr osQ lokZfèkd LorU=k vfHkdj.k (Agency) osQ :i esa bldk fodkl gqvk gSA tSls
fd Vk¡VZykSV us dgk gS ;g ,slh laLFkk gS ftls lcls de le>k x;k gS vkSj ftls turk us lcls vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ
rM+d&èkM+d esa ltk;k gS rFkk ftldh j{kk osQ fy, fuEure Js.kh dk ukxfjd Hkh mB [kM+k gksxkA gSfeYVu us
dgk Fkk fd jk"Vªifr lekt dh ryokj dks èkkj.k djrk gSA (Hold of the sword of the community) vkSj dk¡xsl
foÙk dks fu;fU=kr djrh gSA (Community the purse) ysfdu loksZPp U;k;ky; jk"Vªifr vkSj dkaxzsl nksuksa dks
e;kZfnr djrk gS vkSj fliQZ dqN izys[kksa vkSj fofèk;ksa osQ lg;ksx ls 'kklu dks LFkkf;Ro iznku djrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g
fd vkt loksZPp U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr rFkk izfr"Bk cgqr c<+ x;h gS ;gk¡ rd fd ttksa dks gh lafoèkku dk fuekZrk
dgk tkus yxk gSA
U;k;kèkh'kksa dh la[;k % loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ laxBu dks fuèkkZfjr djus dk vfèkdkj dkaxzsl dks fn;k x;k gSA
le;≤ ij U;k;èkh'kksa dh la[;k esa ifjorZu gksrk jgk gSA izkjEHk esa blesa ,d eq[; U;k;kèkh'k rFkk ikap vU;
U;k;kèkh'k Fks ysfdu 1801 bZú esa bldh la[;k ?kVkdj 5] 1807 bZú esa 7] 1837 esa 9 vkSj 1863 bZú esa c<+kdj
10 dj nh x;hA fiQj 1866 bZú esa ?kVkdj 7 dj nh x;hA iqu% 1869 bZú esa mls fuf'pr dj fn;k tks la[;k vHkh
rd pyh vk jgh gSaA vktdy loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ,d eq[; U;k;fèkifr vkSj 8 lgU;k;kèkh'k gSA
U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfDr % U;k;èkh'kksa dh fu;qfDr jk"Vªifr djrk gS] fdUrq bu fu;qfDr;ksa dh iqf"V flusV }kjk
vko';d gS flusV jk"Vªifr }kjk dh x;h fu;qfDr dks jí dj ldrh gS tSlk fd 1930 bZú esa tkWu ijdj (John
Parker) osQ euksu;u dks jí dj fn;k x;k Fkk] 9 vizSy 1970 dks jk"Vªifr fuDlu }kjk euksfur U;k;kèkh'k gsjYM
dklZoys dks flusV us vLohdkj dj fn;k D;ksafd dklZosy lkèkkj.k ;ksX;rk dk O;fDr Fkk vkSj izkarh;rk esa fo'okl
j[krk FkkA U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfDr djrs le; jk"Vªifr U;k;ky; osQ oxhZ; èkkfeZd rFkk nyh; xBu dks è;ku esa
j[krk gSA
U;k;kèkh'kksa dh ;ksX;rk,¡ % U;k;èkh'kksa dh ;ksX;rkvksa osQ lEcUèk esa lafoèkku pqi gSA ysfdu izk;% mu O;fDr;ksa
dks U;k;èkh'k fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS tks [;kfr izkIr odhy] dkuwu osQ izkè;kid] lkoZtfud O;fDr rFkk iz'kkldh;
vfHkdj.kksa osQ ijke'kZnkrk jg pqosQ gksrs gSaA MkW VkWdfoys osQ 'kCnksa esa mudh ;ksX;rkvksa dks vPNh rjg O;Dr fd;k
tk ldrk gS&la?kh; U;k;kèkh'k dks u osQoy vPNs ukxfjd] fo}ku rFkk bZekunkj gksuk pkfg,] cfyd jktuhfrK
Hkh gksuk pkfg,A os le; dh xfr ls lqifjfpr gksa vkSj mu vojksèkksa dk lkeuk djus ls 'kafdr ugha gks ftudks
o'k esa fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,sls yksxksa dks oqQpyus esa lqLrh ls dke u ysa ] tks dkuwuksa osQ fy, vko';d la?kh;
loksZPprk ,oa dkuwu osQ ikyu dk fojksèk djsA ;fn loksZPp U;k;ky; esa dHkh cqjs ukxfjd ,oa ukle> O;fDr vk
tk;sa rks la?k esa x`g;q¼ vFkok vjktdrk iQSyus dh lEHkkouk gSA vkWx ,oa js lokZfèkd liQy eq[; U;k;kfèkifr
FksA ek'kZy dh liQyrk dh dq¡th mldh izHkkoiw.kZ rFkk euksgkjh O;fDrRo (Forceful and winsome personality)

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