Page 215 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV ;k ç'kklfud mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa ij egkfHk;ksx (Impeachement) pykuk gks rks blosQ fy, çfrfufèk lHkk
egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjk,¡ (Articles of Impeachemnts) rS;kj djrh gS] vkSj lhusV esa eqdnek pyk;k tkrk gSA
çfrfufèk lHkk esa egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjkvksa dks lkèkkj.k cgqr (Simple Majority) ls ikfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
nks"k&flf¼ osQ fy, egkfHk;ksx dh çR;sd èkkjk ij lhusV esa mifLFkr rFkk ernku esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa
dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer (Two-Third Majority) vko';d gksxkA nks"k fl¼ gks tkus ij vfHk;qDr dks in ls
gVk fn;k tkrk gSA
z pkj lky ckn tc jk"Vªifr vkSj mijk"Vªifr dk pquko gksrk gS rks bl pquko esa Mkys x, oksVksa dh fxurh
osQ fy, dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnuksa dk la;qDr vfèkos'ku (Joint Session) gksrk gSA
z dkaxzsl dh lfefr dks vke rkSj ij ^y?kq foèkku&eaMy* (Little Legsilature) dh laKk nh tkrh gSA fdlh Hkh
foèks;d dks vafre :i nsus dk vfèkdkj ,slh lfefr;ksa osQ gkFk esa jgrk gSA fl¼karr% fdlh lfefr osQ çLrko
dks çfrfufèk lHkk lhusV esa vLohdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijarq O;kogkjr% ,slk cgqr de gks ikrk gSA
z la;qDr jkT; vesjhdk dk jk"Vªifr 'kklu osQ dk;Zdkjh vax (Executive Organ) dk vè;{k gS_ dkaxzsl ogka
dk loksZPp foèkk;h vax (Supreme Legislative Organ) gSA 'kfDr&ikFkZD; (Separation fo Powers) osQ
fl¼kar osQ varxZr bu nkuksa vaxksa dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; bl <ax ls fuèkkZfjr fd, x, gSa fd os vius&vius
{ks=k esa ,d&nwljs ls Lokèkhu gksa_ 'kklu dk dksbZ Hkh vax viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk ç;ksx djrs le; ;k vius d`R;ksa
dks laiUu djrs le; fdlh nwljs vax ij vkfJr u gksA
z nwljh vksj] vojksèk ,oa larqyu (Checks and Balances) osQ fl¼kar osQ varxZr ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS fd
'kklu osQ fofHkUu vax ,d&nwljs ij vadq'k j[k ldas rkfd 'kfDr osQ teko (concentration of Power)
dks jksdk tk losQ] vkSj 'kklu dk dksbZ Hkh vax fujadq'k u gks tk,A

z vesjhdh lafoèkku osQ varxZr loksZPp U;k;ky; la?k ljdkj dh U;kf;d 'kk[kk dk loksZPp vax gSA blesa ewyr%
ikap U;k;kèkh'k j[ks x, Fks] ijarq le; osQ lkFk budh la[;k Hkh cnyrh jgh gSA 1869 osQ ckn ls loksZPp
U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'kksa dh la[;k ukS jgh gS ftuesa ,d eq[; U;k;kèkh'k (Chieef Justice) gksrk gSA
z lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj viuk dk;Z laiUu djrs gq, vejhdh loksZPp U;k;ky; us èkhjs&èkhjs ^lafoèkku osQ laj{kd*
(Guardian of the Constitution) dh Hkwfedk l¡Hkky yh gSA loksZPp U;k;ky; dh bl Hkwfedk osQ fo'ys"k.k
ls igys vejhdh lafoèkku osQ nk'kZfud vkèkkj (Philosophical Basis) dh ppkZ dj ysuk mi;qDr gksxkA
z vejhdh lafoèkku dk fuekZ.k vejhdh Lokèkhurk dh ?kks"k.kk (Declaration of Indepedence) 1776 osQ ckn
1787 esa gqvk FkkA bl ?kks"k.kk osQ varxZr rRdkyhu vejhdk osQ rsjg mifuos'k fczfV'k 'kklu ls eqfDr çkIr
djus osQ ckn ,d jk"Vª osQ :i esa tqM+ x, FksA
z bl rjg vejhdh lafoèkku osQ varxZr ,d vR;ar tfVy 'kklu&O;oLFkk LFkkfir dh xbZ FkhA blesa 'kklu

dh rhu 'kk[kk,¡μ vFkkZr~ foèkkf;dk] dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydkμrFkk nks LrjμvFkkZr~ la?k Lrj vkSj jkT;
LrjμLFkkfir fd, x, Fks] vkSj muesa vojksèk ,oa larqyu (Checks and Balances) dh foLr`r O;oLFkk dh
xbZ FkhA okLro esa lafoèkku osQ laLFkkid ,d ,slh 'kklu&O;oLFkk LFkkfir djuk pkgrs Fks tks dHkh Hkh
fujadq'kra=k (Despotism) dk :i èkkj.k u dj ik,A os ;g vo'; pkgrs Fks fd 'kklu osQ bu fofoèk Lrjksa
esa fdlh osQ gkFkksa esa vnE; 'kfDr osQafær u gks ik,] ijarq mUgksaus ;g Li"V ugha fd;k fd 'kklu dh bu
fofoèk 'kk[kkvksa vkSj Lrjksa esa dksbZ erHksn iSnk gks tkus ij mldk lekèkku dSls gksxk] vkSj ml ij vafre
fu.kZ; dkSu nsxk\ la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ bfrgkl esa dbZ ckj ,sls erHksn iSnk gq,A
z le; osQ vrajky ls dkuwu dh çkekf.kdrk (validity) osQ ç'u ij vejhdh dkaxzsl vFkkZr~ foèkkueaMy dh
rqyuk esa U;k;ikfydk dh mPprk Lohdkj dj yh xbZ] vkSj jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa la?k dh dkuwuh mPprk dks
ekU;rk ns nh xbZA

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