Page 210 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

dh osQUnzh; lfefr osQ izLrko ij gks ldrh gSA LFkk;h lfefr osQ vè;{k] mikè;{k rFkk lnL; Hkh jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl uksV
}kjk gh pqus tkrs gSaA bls mUgsa okil cqykus dk Hkh vfèkdkj gSA ;|fi lafoèkku jk"Vªh; tudkaxszl osQ bl vfèkdkj
ij dksbZ caèku ugha yxkrk gS] ysfdu O;kogkjr% ;s fu;qfDr;k¡ Hkh lkE;oknh ny osQ osQUnzh; lfefr osQ izLrko
ij gh dh tkrh gSaA tgk¡ rd loksZPp tu&U;k;ky; dk iz'u gS] mls jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h cuk;k
x;k gSA ysfdu] mlosQ vè;{k dks fu;qDr vkSj inP;qr djus dk vfèkdkj LFkk;h lfefr dks lkSai fn;k x;k gSA
iqjkus lafoèkku esa ;g vfèkdkj jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dks izkIr FkkA
(iv) vkfFkZd vfèkdkj (Economic Powers)- Pkhuh lafoèkku jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dks vkfFkZd {ks=k esa O;kid
vfèkdkj nsrk gSA jk"Vªh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ls lacafèkr uhfr;ksa dks Lohd`fr dk O;kid vfèkdkj bls izkIr gSA
;g jk"Vªh; vkfFkZd ;kstukvksa dks Lohd`fr nsrh gS rFkk jktdh; ctV vkSj vk;&O;; ls lacafèkr uhfr;ksa oQks
vafre :i nsrh gSA lksfo;r :l dh lOkksZPp lksfo;r dh Hkk¡fr jk"Vªh; tu&dkaxzsl osQ vkfFkZd vfèkdkj dkiQh
O;kid gSaA
(v) iz'kkldh; fu;a=k.k (Administrative Control) - lafoèkku jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dk iz'kklu oQks fujh{k.k vkSj
fu;a=k.k dk vfèkdkj Hkh nsrh gSA jkT;ifj"kn~~ vkSj LFkk;h lfefr dks blosQ izfr mÙkjnk;h cuk;k x;k gSA ;g bu
fudk;ksa osQ vfèkdkjksa esa deh&cs'kh dj ldrh gSA bldh cSBdksa esa jkT;ifj"kn~ dh vksj ls izèkkuea=kh] osQUnzh;
ljdkj vkSj iz'kklu osQ lacèk esa fjiksVZ is'k dh tkrh gSA bl fjikZV ij ;g fopkj&foe'kZ djrh gSA
(vi) vU; vfèkdkj (Miscellaneous Powers)- u, lafoèkku esa izkoèkku gS fd jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl mu 'kfDr;ksa
dk iz;ksx dj ldrh gS] ftUgsa ;g vko';d le>sA ;g micaèk buosQ vfèkdkj dks dkiQh O;kid cuk nsrk gSA
blosQ vuqlkj jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl mu lHkh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrh gS] ftUgsa og jk"Vªfgr ;k lkE;oknh Økafr
osQ fy, vko';d le>sA osQoy lkE;oknh ny osQ usRk`Ro dk cUèku ml ij gS ny dh osQUnzh; lfefr osQ funsZ'k
osQ vUrxZr ;g fdlh Hkh 'kfDr dk iz;ksx dj ldrh gS ftldh ppkZ lafoèkku esa ugha gSA
ewY;kadu (Evaluation): jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dh jpuk] vfèkdkj vkSj fLFkfr osQ ckjs esa dkiQh vkykspuk,¡ lquus
dks feyrh gSaA eq[; vkykspuk,¡ bl izdkj gSa&

(i) jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl osQ laxBu vkSj dk;Z&fofèk esa if'peh ns'kksa osQ leku vkykspuk,¡ dh tkrh gSA yksdrkaf=kd
i¼fr osQ vUrxZr laln dk pquko turk }kjk izR;{k :i ls gksrk gSA ysfdu lkE;oknh phu esa ,d ubZ i¼fr
viukbZ xbZ gS ftls tuoknh fopkj&foe'kZ (democratic discussing) dk rjhdk dgk x;k gSA bl i}fr osQ
vuqlkj izfrfufèk;ksa dk p;u lkE;oknh ny vkSj iz'kklu osQ }kjk gh dj fy;k tkrk gS osQoy dgus osQ fy,
turk ls fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k tkrk gSA ;g i}fr ?kksj vyksdrkaf=kd gSA bl pquko&i}fr eas turk dk dksbZ izHkko
ugha jgrk vkSj izfrfufèk turk osQ ugha] cfYd ny osQ fgek;rh gksrs gSaA lksfo;r ys[kd vsysDtsUMªkso dk dguk
Bhd gh gS fd ,slh iz.kkyh esa esgurd'k turk osQ fo'kky leqnk; dks ns'k dh lokZsPp foèkk;h laLFkk ij izHkko
Mkyus dk volj ugha fey ldrkA

(ii) ns'kHkDr O;fDr;ksa (patriotic personages) osQ jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dh cSBdksa esa fgLlk ysus gsrq vkea=k.k dh
O;oLFkk Hkh dVq vkykspuk dk fo"k; jgh gSA bldk Li"V vFkZ ;g gS fd 'kkldoxZ O;fDr;ks osQ uke ij fdlh
Hkh la[;k esa vius euksuqdwy izfrfuf/;ksa dks jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dh lnL;rk ns ldrs gSaA ,slh xSj&iztkrkaf=kd
O;oLFkk nqfu;k osQ fdlh Hkh lafoèkku esa ugha gSAs
(iii) tgk¡ rd jk"Vªh; tu&dkaxzsl osQ vfèkos'ku dk iz'u gS bldh cSBd cgqr yEcs vjls osQ ckn gksrh gSA
o"kZ esa ,d ckj vfèkos'ku dh O;oLFkk dks dHkh O;kogkj esa ugha yk;k x;kA blosQ vfrfjDr bldh cSBd osQoy
2&4 fnuksa osQ fy, gh gksrh gSA bruh de vofèk esa vkSj brus yEcs vjls osQ ckn dh cSBdkas }kjk ;g laHko
ugha gS fd dksbZ laLFkk izHkkodkjh Hkwfedk vnk dj losQA lp iwNk tk; rks ;g O;oLFkk jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dks
iw.kZr% uiaqld cuk nsrh gSA

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