Page 207 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV lkafoèkkfud U;k;ky; (Constitutional Court): :l osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj] og U;k;ky; ftls U;kf;d
iqujh{k.k (Judicial Review) dh 'kfDr çkIr gSA blesa 19 lnL;ksa dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA ;s lnL; jk"Vªifr
osQ }kjk euksuhr fd, tkrs gSa] ijarq budh fu;qfDr osQ fy, la?kh; ifj"kn~ dh iqf"V vko';d gSA bls U;k;ky;
dks ;g fu.kZ; nsus dk vfèkdkj gS fd jk"Vªifr] laln rFkk ljdkj dh dksbZ dkjZokbZ lafoèkkulEer gS ;k ugha\
U;kf;d iqujh{k.k (Judicial Review): fyf[kr lafoèkku osQ varxZr fdlh mPp ;k loksZPp U;k;ky; dh ;g
'kfDr fd og fdlh fu;e] dkuwu] ç'kklfud vkns'k ;k dkjZokbZ dks lafoèkku dh O;oLFkkvksa ;k muesa fufgr
fl¼karksa dh n`f"V ls ij[k dj mls lafoèkku ;k mudh ewy psruk (Spirit) osQ fo#¼ ?kksf"kr dj ldrk gS ftlls
og jn~n gks tkrh gSA
1993 osQ lafoèkku osQ varxZr :l dh osQaæh; ljdkj dks fiQj ls foLr`r 'kfDr;ka nsus dk ç;Ru fd;k x;k gS]
ijarq :lh la?k osQ 21 x.kjkT;ksa rFkk 68 vapyks] çkarksa ,oa tuinksa dks Hkh lekurk osQ vkèkkj ij i;kZIr lÙkk
çnku dh xbZ gSA djkèkku] j{kk] fons'kh ekeys] ÅtkZ vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd uhfr ls tqM+s fo"k; osQaæh;μvFkkZr~
la?kh; ljdkj osQ fy, lqjf{kr j[ks x, gSa] ijarq f'k{kk] LokLF;] lkekftd lqj{kk] laLd`fr vkSj Hkwfe osQ mi;ksx
ls tqM+s fo"k; osQaæ vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ la;qDr çcaèk osQ varxZr j[ks x, gSaA x.kjkT;ksa osQ vius&vius lafoèkku
gSa_ mudh viuh&viuh fuokZfpr ljdkjsa gSa_ vkSj os viuk&viuk ctV cukrs gSaA os vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd
lqèkkjksa dh xfr vkSj fn'kk fuèkkZfjr djus esa çHkko'kkyh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa_ Hkwfe dk LokfeRo eq[;r% bUgha osQ
fu;a=k.k esa vkrk gS_ vkSj jkT; osQ dY;k.kdkjh dk;ZØeksa esa 80» [kpZ buosQ fgLls esa vkrk gSA
;g ckr egÙoiw.kZ gS fd :l dk lafoèkku vius ukxfjdksa dks cqfu;knh ekuo&vfèkdkj vkSj Lora=krk,¡ çnku
djrk gSA buesa vkokl (Housing)] fu%'kqYd fpfdRlk (Free Healthcare)] f'k{kk (Education) vkSj dqN
gkykrksa esa dkuwuh lgk;rk (Legal Assistance) dk vfèkdkj lfEefyr gSA
phuh x.kjkT; dh O;oLFkkfidk% jkԻh; tudkaxszl (Legislature of the Chinese Republic:
National People's Congress)

phuh x.kra=k dk lafoèkku lalnh; loksZPprk osQ fl¼kar ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;g 'kfÙkQ;ksa osQ i`FkDdj.k osQ fl¼kar
dks vLohÑr djrk gSA vr% phuh lafoèkku esa fczfV'k rFkk lksfo;r lalnksa dh Hkkafr loksZPp foèkkf;dk la?k dh
LFkkiuk dh x;h gSA bls jk"Vªh; tu&dkaxzsl dgrs gSaA

1954 bZñ osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 21 esa dgk x;k Fkk fd phuh x.kra=k esa jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dks loksZPp foèkk;h
fudk; dk LFkku çkIr gS_ lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 3 osQ vuqlkj] phuh tuoknh x.kra=k dh leLr 'kfÙkQ;k¡ turk
esa fufgr gSA çR;sd Lrj ij turk dh viuh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk ç;ksx gSA bloQk fujh{k.k uhps osQ Lrjksa dh tudkaxzsl
dk;Z djrh gSA bl çdkj] lafoèkku phuh jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dks jkT; lÙkk dk loksZPp vax ?kksf"kr djrk gS vkSj
lalnh; laçHkqrk osQ fl¼kar dks Lohdkj djrk gSA lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dks
lkE;oknh ny osQ usr`Ro esa dk;Z djuk iM+rk gSA 1954 bZñ osQ lafoèkku esa jk"Vªh; tudkaxzsl dh loksZPprk dks
Lohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu mls lkE;oknh ny osQ usr`Ro esa ugha j[kk x;k FkkA iwoZ lksfo;r :l esa Hkh lkE;oknh
ny osQ usr`Ro dh ppkZ lafoèkku esa ugh feyrh gSA
laxBu ,oa jpuk (Organization and Composition): jk"Vªh; tudkaxszl ,dlnukRed lHkk gSA ijaijkxr
iztkrkaf=kd i¼fr osQ izfrdwy blesa osQoy ,d lnu gS] ;|fi phu ,d cgqjk"Vªh; jkT; gS] fdUrq jk"Vªh;rkvksa
dks izfrfufèkRo iznku djus osQ fy, nwljs lnu dh O;oLFkk ugha dh x;h gSA

lnL;& u, lafoèkku esa jk"Vªh; tudkaxszl osQ lnL;ksa dh la[;k fuf'Pkr ugha dh x;h gSA blosQ lnL;ksa dh la[;k
dkuwu }kjk fuf'pr dh tkrh gSA 1954bZ- osQ lafoèkku esa Hkh ,slh gh O;oLFkk FkhA NBh jk"Vªh; dk¡xszl (6 twu]
1983)esa lnL;ksa dh la[;k 2]978 Fkh A blosQ lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu izkarksa] Lok;Ùk'kklh {ks=kksa] osQUnz'kkflr

202 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY