Page 203 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV og vè;kns'kksa (Ordinances) osQ ekè;e ls 'kklu pyk ldrh gS] ftu ij jk"Vªifr osQ çfrgLrk{kj (Countersignature)
gksus pkfg,A
fiQj] vuqPNsn 47 osQ varxZr Úkal dh laln dks okf"kZd ctV ij okn&fookn vkSj ernku djus osQ fy, osQoy
70 fnu dk le; fn;k x;k gSA ;g vofèk chr tkus ij ljdkj vè;kns'k (Ordinance) tkjh djosQ ml ctV dks
ykxw dj ldrh gSA vU; foèks;dksa (Bills) osQ ekeys esa ljdkj vius ^mÙkjnkf;Ro* (Responsibility) dh 'kiFk
ysdj ^fxyksfVu* dh çfØ;k ykxw dj ldrh gSA ,slh gkyr esa 24 ?kaVs osQ vanj ml foèks;d ls tqM+k gqvk okn&fookn
vius&vki lekIr gks tkrk gS] 'krZ ;g gS fd ml ij foi{k dh vksj ls fuank çLrqr (Vote of Censure) ikfjr
u dj fn;k tk,A dk;Zikfydk ;g ekax Hkh dj ldrh gS fd çLrko foèks;d ij fdlh Hkh la'kksèku dks Lohdkj
u fd;k tk,] vkSj mlosQ laiw.kZ ikB (Full Text) ij ,dμlkFk ernku djk fn;k tk,A
ewyr% vuqPNsn 28 osQ varxZr ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ Fkh fd laln ,d o"kZ esa osQoy nks ckjμT;knkμlsμT;knk 170
fnu osQ fy, viuk vfèkos'ku cqyk ldrh gSA bl vofèk osQ ckgj ljdkj vkKfIr osQ ekè;e ls 'kklu pyk ldrh
FkhA ijarq vxLr] 1995 esa lafoèkku dk la'kksèku djosQ ;g O;oLFkk dj nh xbZ fd laln dk vfèkos'ku vDrwcj
ls twu rd ykxkrkj ukS eghus pysxk] vkSj eaf=k;ksa dks lIrkg esa ,d ckj lalnh; ç'uksa dk mÙkj nsuk gksxkA
dk;Zikfydkμjpuk vkSj d`R; (The Executive : Composition and Functions): Úkal dh dk;Zikfydk
i;kZIr 'kfDr'kkyh ekuh tkrh gSA ;fn igyh ckj fdlh mEehnokj dks iw.kZ cgqer çkIr ugha gksrk rks pquko esa lcls
Åapk LFkku çkIr djus okys tks nks mEehnokj fiQj ls eqdkcyk djuk pkgrs gksa] muesa nks lIrkg ckn nqckjk pquko
djk;k tkrk gSA blesa ftls igyk LFkku çkIr gksrk gS] mls jk"Vªifr pqu fy;k tkrk gSA bl rjg Úkal dk jk"Vªifr
Hkh ogka dh turk dk çR;{k çfrfufèk gksrk gS ftlls mldh 'kfDr dks fo'ks"k oSèkrk (Legitimacy) çkIr gksrh gSA
tc dksbZ jk"Vªifr pqu fy;k tkrk gS rks og jkT; osQ vè;{k (Head of State) osQ lkFk&lkFk l'kL=k lsukvksa osQ çèkku
lsukifr (Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Force) dk in Hkh l¡Hkky ysrk gSA jk"Vªifr dh vkSipkfjd
'kfDr;ka vR;ar foLr`r gSA mls çèkkuea=kh osQ p;u (Selection) dk vfèkdkj gS_ og eaf=k&ifj"kn~ (Council of
Ministers) ;k eaf=keaMy (Cabinet) dh cSBdksa dh vè;{krk djrk gS_ ljdkjh foèks;dksa ij çfrgLrk{kj
(Countersign) djrk gS_ fons'kh lafèk;ksa osQ fy, okrkZ pykrk gS_ ifji`PNk (Referendum) osQ fy, igy djrk
gSA og us'kuy vlsacyh dks Hkax djosQ u, pquko djk ldrk gS] 'krZ ;g gS fd og bls ,d o"kZ esa ,d ckj Hkax
dj ldrk gSA

ifji`PNk (Referendum) ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 20 vkSj 21 ls ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd de&ls&de Lons'kh {ks=k (Domestic Field) esa
uhfr&fuekZ.k osQ fu;a=k.k dk vafre lw=k çèkkuea=kh vkSj eaf=k&ifj"kn~ osQ gkFkksa esa jgrk gSA ijarq vDVwcj] 1962 osQ
lkafoèkkfud la'kksèku osQ varxZr tc jk"Vªifr osQ çR;{k pquko (Direct Election) dh O;oLFkk dj nh xbZ] rc
dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr osQ larqyu esa vkewy ifjorZu vk x;kA blls igys jk"Vªifr dk vçR;{k pquko (Indirect
Election) gksrk Fkk ftlesa laln&lnL;] foHkkxh; ifj"kn~ksa (Department council) osQ lnL; vkSj uxjikfydk&ik"kZn
(Municipal Councillors) ^fuokZpd&x.k* (Electoral College) dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs FksA jk"Vªifr osQ çR;{k pquko
dh O;oLFkk ls mldh lÙkk cgqr Åaph gks xbZ D;ksafd og x.kjkT; dk ,dek=k ,slk O;fDr gks x;k ftls laiw.kZ
jk"Vª dh vksj ls fuokZfpr fd;k tkrk gSA
blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i 1986 rd jk"Vªifr dks lÙkk:<+ xBcaèku (Governing Coalition) dk ^oSèk* usrk ekuk tkrk
FkkA mldh lsok osQ fy, ,d fo'kky ,oa çHkko'kkyh vfèkdkfjra=k rS;kj jgrk Fkk] vkSj og Lons'k ,oa fons'k uhfr

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