Page 206 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

lkèkkj.kr% dksbZ Hkh foèks;d izkjaHk esa LVsV M~;wek esa izLrqr gksuk pkfg, gkykafd dqN uhfr&lacaèkh fo"k; la?kh; uksV
ifj"kn~ osQ vfèkdkj{ks=k esa j[ksa x, gSaA LVsV M~;wek esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn izR;sd foèks;d dks la?kh; ifj"kn~ Hkstuk
pkfg,A ;fn la?kh; ifj"kn~ fdlh foèks;d dks vLohdkj dj ns rks mls LVsV M~;wek osQ ikl okil Hkstk tk,xkA
ogka ,d vk;ksx&ftlesa nksuksa lnuksa osQ lnL; lfEefyr gksaxs&buosQ erHksnksa dks nwj djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA ;fn
LVsV M~;wek mPp lnu osQ la'kksèkuksa dks vLohdkj dj ns rks og nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls ml foèks;d dks nqckjk ikfjr
djosQ mPp lnu dh bPNk dh vogsyuk dj ldrh gSA ,slh gkyr esa ml foèks;d dks laln }kjk ikfjr ekuk
tk,xkA
laln ls ikfjr gksus osQ ckn izR;sd foèks;d dks jk"Vªifr osQ gLrk{kj osQ fy, Hkstuk gksrk gSA ;fn jk"Vªifr gLrk{kj
djus ls budkj dj ns rFkk LVsV M~;wek jk"Vªifr osQ la'kksèkuksa ls lger gks rks og mls lkèkkj.k cgqer ls nqckjk
ikfjr dj ldrh gSA ;fn LVsV M~;wek jk"Vªifr ls vlger gks rks og mls nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls nqckjk ikfjr djosQ
jk"Vªifr osQ fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Veto) dks fujLr dj ldrh gSA blh izdkj ;fn la?kh; ifj"kn~ jk"Vªifr osQ la'kksèkuksa ls
lger gks rks og mls lkèkkj.k cgqer ls nqckjk ikfjr dj ldrh gS] vU;Fkk mls ;gka Hkh nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr
djuk gksxkA ;fn ;s 'krs± iwjh gks tkrh gS rks çLrqr foèks;d dks jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk ikfjr ekuk tk,xkA
;ksa foèkkf;dk dks foLr`r 'kfDr;ka çnku dh xbZ gS] fiQj Hkh muesa dbZ rjg ls dVkSrh dj nh xbZ gSA LVsV M~;wek
iw.kZ cgqer (Absolute Majority) osQ vkèkkj ij (vFkkZr~ 226 oksVksa osQ vkèkkj ij) vfo'okl&çLrko (Vote of
No-Confidence) ikfjr djosQ ljdkj dks fxjk ldrh gS] ijarq bls rhu eghus osQ Hkhrj nks ckj ,slk çLrko ikfjr
djuk gksxk] rHkh jk"Vªifr ml ij dkjZokbZ djus dks foo'k gksxkA ,slh gkyr esa jk"Vªifr ;k rks ubZ ljdkj dk xBu
djsxk] ;k fiQj LVsV M~;wek dks Hkax djosQ u;k pquko djkus dk vkns'k nsxkA u, çèkkuea=kh vkSj ubZ ljdkj dh
fu;qfDr osQ fy, LVsV M~;wek dk vuqleFkZu (Ratification) t:jh gksxkA ;fn jk"Vªifr&}kjk çLrkfor mEehnokj dks
LVsV M~;wek rhu ckj vLohdkj dj nsrh gS rks jk"Vªifr LVsV M~;wek dks Hkax dj ldrk gS] vkSj u, pquko dk vkns'k
ns ldrk gSA (d) ;fn ubZ laln osQ pquko osQ ckn ,d o"kZ ls de le; chrk gks_ ([k) ;fn laln jk"Vªifr osQ
fo:¼ egkfHk;ksx (Impeachement) dh dkjZokbZ 'kq: dj pqdh gks_ (x) ;fn jk"Vªifr laiw.kZ :l esa vkikr&dky
(Emergency) dh ?kks"k.kk dj pqdk gks_ ;k (?k) ;fn jk"Vªifr dk dk;Zdky lekIr gksus esa Ng eghus ls de
le; jgrk gksA mèkj la?kh; ifj"kn~ jk"Vªifr osQ fo:¼ rHkh egkfHk;ksx pyk ldrh gS tc la?kh; lHkk osQ nksuksa lnu
blosQ i{k esa oksV ns pqosQ gksa] vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; (Supreme Court) rFkk lakfoèkkfud U;k;ky; (Constitu-
tional Court) nksuksa bl çLrko ls lger gksaA
egkfHk;ksx (Impeachment): og çfØ;k ftlosQ varxZr fdlh ns'k osQ jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] mPp ;k loksZPp
U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'k ;k fdlh vU; mPpkfèkdkjh ij vR;ar xaHkhj vkjksi yxkdj mls in ls gVkus dh dkjZokbZ
dh tkrh gSA ;g vkjksi ns'kæksg] Hkz"Vkpkj ;k lafoèkku osQ mYya?ku dk gks ldrk gSA egkfHk;ksx mu mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa
ij pyk;k tkrk gS ftudh inkofèk (Term of Office) foèkkueaMy osQ jktuhfrd leFkZu (Political Support) ij
vkfJr ugha gksrhA
lkèkkj.kr% fdlh ns'k osQ mPpkfèkdkjh ij egkfHk;ksx pykus dh 'kfDr ogka osQ foèkkueaMy (Legislature) esa fufgr
jgrh gS] vkSj blosQ fy, visf{kr çfØ;k (Procedure) lafoèkku dh O;oLFkkvksa ;k muls tqM+h çFkkvksa (Conventions)
ls fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSA
:l osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªifr ij egkfHk;ksx pykus dh dkjZokbZ pkj pj.kksa esa iwjh dh tk ldrh gS% (d)
LVsV M~;wek dks nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls egkfHk;ksx osQ i{k esa oksV nsuk gksxk_ ([k) loksZPp U;k;ky; dks bl ckr dh
iqf"V djuh gksxh fd jk"Vªifr dh dfFkr dkjZokbZ xaHkhj vijkèk ;k ns'kæksg (Treason) dh dksfV esa vkrh gS_ (x)
lkafoèkkfud U;k;ky; dks ;g O;oLFkk nsuh gksxh fd LVsV M~;wek us egkfHk;ksx pykus osQ fu.kZ; dk tks vuqeksnu
fd;k gS] mlesa çfØ;k (Procedure) dk dksbZ mYya?ku ugha gqvk_ vkSj (?k) jk"Vªifr dks gVkus dk çLrko la?kh;
ifj"kn~ osQ nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr gksuk pkfg,A

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