Page 201 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV ;fn lnu mlls lger gS rks mls ,d lfefr dks fopkjkFkZ lkSai fn;k tkrk gSA fopkj djus osQ mijkar lfefr viuh
fjiksVZ lnu dks çLrqr djrh gSA lnu esa foèks;d osQ Åij ¶fopkj osQ fy,¸ çLrko j[kk tkrk gSA rnqijkUr mlosQ
çR;sd vuqPNsn ij foLr`r okn&fookn gksrk gSA vUr esa] lEiw.kZ foèks;d ij tuer&laxzg fd;k tkrk gSA foèks;d
dh Lohd`fr osQ ckn mls nwljs lnu esa Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA ml lnu esa Hkh ogh çfØ;k nqgjk;h tkrh gSA nwljk lnu
mls T;ksa&dk&R;ksa Lohdkj dj ldrk gSA ;fn lnu dqN la'kksèku djs rks igys og iqu% fopkj osQ foèks;d dks ykSVk
fn;k tkrk gSA ;fn nksuksa lnuksa esa bl çdkj le>kSrk u gks losQ rks mls nksuksa lnuksa }kjk xfBr jí dj fn;k tkrk
gSA nksauks lnuksa }kjk ikfjr gksus osQ ckn foèks;d ij pkUlyj o jk"Vªifr dk gLrk{kj fy;k tkrk gS ftls mUgsa bUdkj
djus dk vfèkdkj ;k fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (veto) çkIr ugha gSaA rRi'pkr~ foèks;d dkuwu cu tkrk gSA

8-2 Úkal&jfl;k laln vkSj phu dh jk"Vªh; tu&dkaxzsl (French-Russian Parliament

and National People's Congress of China)

Úkal dh laln (Parliament of France)

O;kogkj osQ Lrj ij Úkal esa yksdra=k dh LFkkiuk esa dbZ mrkj&p<+ko vk,A dbZ ckj ogka yksdra=k dks pqukSfr nh
xbZ] ml ij çgkj fd, x,] vkSj mldk neu Hkh dj fn;k x;kA ijarq 1958 esa ogka iapd x.kjkT; (Fifth Republic)
dh LFkkiuk osQ ckn yksdra=k iwjh rjg LFkkfir gks pqdk gSA tgka fiNys lok nks lkS o"kks± esa la;qDr jkT; vejhdk
esa ,d gh lafoèkku çpfyr jgk gS] vkSj mlesa osQoy NCchl la'kksèku fd, x, gSa] ogka blh vofèk esa Úkal esa
rhu ckj jktra=k (Monarchy) LFkkfir gqvk gS] nks ckj lkezkT; (empire) LFkkfir gqvk gS] ikap ckj x.kjkT;
(Republic) LFkkfir gqvk gS] vkSj rsjg ckj fyf[kr lafoèkku ykxw fd, x, gSaA
Úkal dk iape x.kjkT; f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ (1939-45) osQ çfl¼ lSU; uk;d tujy pkYlZ n xkWy (1890&1970)
osQ usr`Ro esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA tujy n xkWy 1953 esa lkoZtfud thou ls laU;kl ys pqosQ Fks] ijarq 1958 esa
mUgsa okil cqyk;k x;kA 1958 esa gh jk"Vªh; ifji`PNk (national referendum) osQ ckn iape x.kjkT; dh uhao j[kh
xbZ vkSj u;k lafoèkku ykxw fd;k x;kA tujy n xkWy 1959 ls 1969 rd Úkal osQ jk"Vªifr jgsA ledkyhu Úkalhlh
ljdkj dh laLFkkvksa vkSj uhfr;ksa dks ,d fuf'pr :i esa <kyus esa n xkWy dh Hkwfedk lcls çHkko'kkyh jghA
foèkkueaMyμjpuk vkSj d`R; (The Legislature : Composition and Functions): Úkal osQ iape x.kjkT; osQ
lafoèkku (1958) osQ varxZr ,dkRed 'kklu&ç.kkyh (Unitary Form of Government) viukbZ xbZ gSA vr%
ogka ,d gh jk"Vªh; ljdkj dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA blosQ vykok ogka dh turk 22 {ks=kh; ifj"kn~ksa (Regional
Councils) 96 egkuxj foHkkxh; ifj"kn~ksa (Metropolition Department Councils) vkSj 36]673 uxjikfydk
ifj"kn~ksa (Municipal Councils) ;k dE;wuksa (Communes) dk pquko Hkh djrh gSA {ks=kh; ifj"kn~sa vkfFkZd fu;kstu
(Economic Plannning) esa ljdkj dks lykg nsrh gS] vkSj fupyh ifj"kn~sa vkokl] ifjogu] [ksy&dwn] Ldwyksa]
lakLd`frd vkSj dY;k.kdkjh dk;ks± vkSj dkuwu osQ çoÙkZu (Law Enforcement) bR;kfn ls ljksdkj j[krh gSA fiQj]
;s lc ifj"kn~sa ogka dh lhusV (Senate) dk pquko esa Hkkx ysrh gSA
iape x.kjkT; osQ lafoèkku (1958) osQ varxZr nks&lnuh; laln (Two-Chamber Parliament) vkSj ^nksgjh
dk;Zikfydk* (Dual Excutive) dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA ;g O;oLFkk Úkalhlh jktuhfr ç.kkyh dks lkèkkj.k
lalnh; ç.kkyh (Parliamentary System) ls vyx fl¼ djrh gSA lkèkkj.k lalnh; ç.kkyh esa çèkkuea=kh
(Prime Minister) ,oa mldk eaf=keaMy (cabinet) dh lykg (Advice) ls dk;Z gksrk gSA ijarq Úkal esa çèkkuea=kh
vkSj jk"Vªifr fey&ckaVdj dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr;ksa dk ç;ksx djrs gSaA
Úkalhlh laln osQ fupys lnu (Lower House) dks jk"Vªh; lHkk ;k us'kuy vlsacyh (National Assembly) dgk
tkrk gS] vkSj mijys lnu (Upper House) dks lhusV (Senate) dgk tkrk gSA us'kuy vlsacyh esa 577 lnL; gksrs

196 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY