Page 196 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

vkSj 4 lnL; osQoy 1 o"kZ osQ fy, pqus tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ ;g Lej.kh; gS fd vesfjdh flusV dh Hkk¡fr jkT;&ifj"kn~~ uksV
osQ lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky O;kogkjr% cgqr gksrk gS] D;ksafd çk;% mudk iqufuokZpu ckj&ckj gksrk jgrk gSA
lnL;ksa osQ fo'ks"kkfèkdkj rFkk mUeqfÙkQ;k¡& fLol laln osQ çfrfufèk;ksa dks dqN fo'ks"kkfèkdkj (Special
privileges) rFkk mUeqfDr;k¡ (Immunities) çkIr gSA la?kh; dkuwu }kjk lnL;ksa dks cksyus rFkk okn&fokn esa Hkkx
ysus dh LoraU=krk gSA mUgsa osQoy vius lnu osQ çfr mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA vU; fdlh vfèkdkjh osQ çfr
mÙkjnk;h ughaA foèkkueaMy }kjk ikfjr fofèk;ksa osQ fy, os mÙkjnk;h ugha gksrsA U;kf;d çfØ;kvksa (Judicial
Proceedings) osQ l=k osQ le; mUgsa mUeqfDr çkIr gSA osQoy foèkkueaMy gh bls lekIr dj ldrh gSA foèkkueaMy
osQ l=k osQ le; xEHkhj vijkèk osQ fy, fdlh çfrfufèk dks fxjÝrkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu lEcfUèkr lnu
ls 24 ?k.Vs osQ vUnj vkKk ysdj gh mls cUnh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
inkfèkdkjh & ;|fi lafoèkku }kjk çR;sd o"kZ osQ fy, vè;{k rFkk mikè;{k osQ pquko dh O;oLFkk dh x;h gS]
ysfdu jkT;&ifj"kn~ çR;sd o"kZ osQ fy, vè;{k rFkk mikè;{k dk fuokZpu djrh gSA ;s inkfèkdkjh jkT;&ifj"kn~ osQ
lnL;ksa esa ls gh pqus tkrs gSaA osQoy 'krZ ;g gS fd ,d gh dSaVu osQ lnL; yxkrkj vè;{k ;k mikè;{k fuokZfpr
ugha gks ldrsA ;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj Hkkjr esa mijk"Vªifr mPp lnu osQ insu
(ex-office) vè;{k gksrs gSA
tgk¡ rd vfèkdkj dk ç'u gS fLol jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ vè;{k dh fLFkfr vejhdh flusV osQ vè;{k ls cgqr&dqN
feyrh&tqyrh gSA og cSBdksa dk lHkkifrRo djrk] lnu esa O;oLFkk LFkkfir djrk rFkk fu;eksa dks ykxw djrk gSA
cjkcj er (Tie) iM+us ij mls fu.kkZ;d er (Casting Vote) nsus dk vfèkdkj gSA
çfrfufèkμjkT;&ifj"kn~~ dh lnL;rk esa dkiQh fLFkjrk ik;h tkrh gSA vfèkdka'k çfrfufèk iqufuokZpr gks tkrs gSa
vkSj bPNki;ZUr fuokZfpr gksrs jgrs gSA vfèkdka'k çfrfufèk mPpdksfV osQ gksrs gS rFkk mPp f'k{kk çkIr fd;s
jgrs gSaA jktuhfr mudh is'kk gksrh gSA os çk;% dE;wu ;k dSaVu ls viuk jktuhfrd thou çkjEHk djrs gSaA
dSaVuksa esa liQy jktuhfrd thou O;rhr djus osQ ckn gh os la?kh; dk;Zikfydk ;k foèkkf;dk esa LFkku çkIr
dj ldrs gSaA muesa ls vfèkdka'k mPp f'k{kk çkIr fd;s jgrs gSaA 1960 bZñ esa yxHkx vkèks lnL;ksa dks MkWDVj
dh mikfèk çkIr FkhA

jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ (The National Council): jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ turk dh çfrfufèk lHkk gS] dSaVuksa dh ughaA bldk fuokZpu
turk Lo;a çR;{k :i ls djrh gSA bl lnu dks Hkkjr esa yksdlHkk vkSj fczVsu esa dkWeu lHkk dgk tkrk gSA
laxBu& jkT;ifj"kn~ osQ ln`'k jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ dh jpuk vkSj laxBu la?kh; foèkku osQ micUèkksa osQ vuqlkj fd;k x;k
gSA ysfdu] Hkkjrh; yksdlHkk dh rjg mldh vfèkdre lnL;&la[;k fuf'pr ugha dh x;h gSA fliZQ bruk dgk
x;k gS fd çR;sd 24]000 dh tula[;k ij ,d çfrfufèk pquk tk;sxkA ysfdu 12]000 ls vfèkd tula[;k ij
Hkh ,d gh çfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj gS pkgs mldh tula[;k fdruh Hkh de D;ksa u gksA bl vkèkkj ij çkjEHk
essa jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ dh lnL;&la[;k 120 Fkh] ijUrq tula[;k esa o`f¼ gksus osQ dkj.k vktdy ;g la[;k 196 gks
x;h gSA lnL;ksa dh la[;k 200 ls de j[kus osQ fy, 1931 bZñ rFkk 1950 bZñ esa laoSèkkfud la'kksèkuksa }kjk tula[;k
çfrfufèk osQ vuqikr esa ifjorZu yk;k x;k gSA vHkh 24 gtkj dh tula[;k ij ,d çfrfufèk dk fuokZpu gksrk
gSA rqyukRed n`f"Vdks.k ls ;g la[;k cgqr de gS] D;ksafd fczVsu] iwoZ lksfo;r la?k] Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk esa fuEu
lnuksa dh lnL;&la[;k Øe'k% 625] 622] 545 vkSj 435 gSA

fuokZpu&ç.kkyh& Úkal osQ prqFkZ x.krU=k dh Hkk¡fr jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ osQ çfrfufèk;ksa dk pquko turk }kjk çR;{k :i
ls vkuqikfrd çfrfufèk&ç.kkyh (proportional representation) osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ç.kkyh 1919
bZ- esa viuk;h x;h FkhA 1919 bZñ osQ iwoZ fuokZpu ,dy&lnL; fuokZpu&{ks=kksa (Single member's constituenices)
osQ vkèkkj ij gksrk FkkA orZeku dky esa çR;sd dSaVu vFkok v¼Z&dSaVu dks ,d fuokZpu&{ks=k (electoral

constituency) eku fy;k tkrk gSA vr% fuokZpu&{ks=k osQ vkdkj rFkk mlls fuokZfpr çfrfufèk;ksa dh la[;k esa

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