Page 192 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

la;qDr lfefr (Joint committee): bldk xBu rc gksrk gS tc blosQ fy, nksuksa lnu ,d&tSlk fu.kZ; djrs uksV
gSaA blesa nksuksa lnuksa osQ lnL; j[ks tkrs gSaA ,slh lfefr LFkk;h ;k vLFkk;h nksuksa rjg dh gks ldrh gSA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] vFkZ&O;oLFkk] djkèkku] dkaxzsl iqLrdky;] NikbZ (Printing) dh O;oLFkk] bR;kfn osQ fy, ,slh lfefr
cukbZ tk ldrh gSA
lEesyu lfefr (Conference Committee): ;g ,slh la;qDr lfefr gS tks fdlh fo"k; in nksuksa lnuksa osQ fu.kZ;
esa ,d:irk ykus osQ fy, cukbZ tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, dksbZ Hkh foèks;d jk"Vªifr dh lekuqefr osQ fy, Hkstus
ls igys nksuksa lnuksa osQ }kjk ,d gh :i esa ikfjr gksuk pkfg,A ;fn nksuksa lnu ,d gh foèks;d ikfjr djuk pkgrs
gksa] ijarq mudh vfHkO;fDr esa dksbZ varj gks rks bl varj dks nwj djus osQ fy, ;k muosQ erHksn dks lqy>kus osQ
fy, bl lfefr dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS dHkh&dHkh lEesyu lfefr dks vejhdh dkaxzsl dk
rhljk lnu (Third House) dgk tkrk gSA
lnu fu;ekoyh lfefr (House Rules committee): ;g lfefr ;g fu.kZ; djrh gS fd fdlh foèks;d dks lnu
esa fdl :i esa j[kk tk,\ og çfrfufèk lHkk esa fdlh foèks;d ij gksus okys okn&fookn dh le;&lhek Hkh fuèkkZfjr
dj ldrh gSA
dkaxzsl dh fofHkUu lfefr;ka fofèk&fuekZ.k osQ dk;Z esa lgk;rk nsus osQ fy, cukbZ tkrh gSaA ijarq mUgsa vius fopkj&{ks=k
esa vkus okys fo"k;ksa osQ fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, ç'kklfud foHkkxksa ls foLr`r tkudkjh dh t:jr iM+rh gSA vr% ;s
lfefr;ka le;≤ ij ç'kklfud foHkkxksa ls rjg&rjg dh tkudkjh ;k fooj.k e¡xkrh jgrh gSA bl ekeys esa
,slk vuq'kklu fodflr gks x;k gS fd ç'kklfud foHkkx dkaxszl&lfefr;ksa dh iwNrkN dks cgqr egÙo nsrs gSa] vkSj
visf{kr tkudkjh ;k fooj.k nsus dks ges'kk rS;kj jgrs gSA blls dkaxzsl&lfefr;ksa dks ç'kklfud foHkkxksa osQ
dke&dkt osQ fujh{k.k dk volj fey tkrk gSA
;g ckr è;ku nsus dk gS fd vejhdk dh vè;{kh; ç.kkyh osQ varxZr ;g laHkkouk cgqr de jgrh gS fd ogka
dksbZ laxfBr foi{k (organized Opposition) gksA ç'kklfud foHkkxksa ij dkaxzsl&lfefr;ksa dk fujh{k.k bl deh
dks dqN gn rd iwjk dj nsrk gSA

jk"Vªifr vkSj dkaxzslμijLij lacaèk (Relation beweeen the President and the Congress): la;qDr jkT;
vejhdk dk jk"Vªifr 'kklu osQ dk;Zdkjh vax (Executive Organ) dk vè;{k gS_ dkaxzsl ogka dk loks±Pp foèkk;h
vax (Supreme Legislative Organ) gSA 'kfDr&ikFkZD; (Separation fo Powers) osQ fl¼kar osQ varxZr bu nksuksa
vaxksa dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; bl <ax ls fuèkkZfjr fd, x, gSa fd os vius&vius {ks=k esa ,d&nwljs ls Lokèkhu gksa_
'kklu dk dksbZ Hkh vax viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk ç;ksx djrs le; ;k vius d`R;ksa dks laiUu djrs le; fdlh nwljs
vax ij vkfJr u gksA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ogka jk"Vªifr dk dk;Zdky pkj o"kZ dk gS_ dkaxzsl dh çfrfufèk lHkk dk
dk;Zdky nks o"kZ dk gSA bl fu;r vofèk ls igys u rks jk"Vªifr dkaxzsl dks Hkax dj ldrk gS_ u dkaxzsl gh
jktuhfrd leFkZu (Political Support) dh deh osQ dkj.k jk"Vªifr dks gVk ldrh gSA

nwljh vksj] vojksèk ,oa larqyu (Checks and Balances) osQ fl¼kar osQ varxZr ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS fd 'kklu
osQ fofHkUu vax ,d&nwljs ij vadq'k j[k ldas rkfd 'kfDr osQ teko (concentration of Power) dks jksdk tk
losQ] vkSj 'kklu dk dksbZ Hkh vax fujadq'k u gks tk,A jk"Vªifr vkSj dkaxzsl dk ijLij lacaèk bl fl¼kar dk mi;qDr
mnkgj.k çLrqr djrk gSA blosQ eq[; eqn~nksa dk fooj.k fuEu gSa%

jk"Vªifr dk lans'k (Presidential Message): jk"Vªifr çfr o"kZ dkaxzsl dks viuk lans'k nsrk gSA blosQ varxZr
og O;kogkjr% dkaxzsl osQ pkyw vfèkos'ku (Current Session) osQ fy, iw.kZ dk;Zlwph (Full Agenda) çLrqr dj
nsrk gSA blesa og ;g O;oLFkk dj nsrk gS fd orZeku vfèkos'ku osQ nkSjku og foèkkueaMy ls D;k&D;k djus dh
vk'kk vkSj vis{kk djrk gS\ jk"Vªifr osQ bl d`R; dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, mls la;qDr jkT; vejhdk dk eq[;
foèkk;d (Chief Legislator) dgk tkrk gS vkSj mldh foLr`r ppkZ dh tkrh gSA ns[kk tk, rks jk"Vªifr dk ;g

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