Page 191 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV U;kf;d 'kfDr;ka (Judicial Powers): ;fn ns'kæksg] Hkz"Vkpkj ;k lafoèkku osQ mYya?ku] bR;kfn dk vkjksi yxkdj
jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] U;k;kèkh'kksa ;k ç'kklfud mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa ij egkfHk;ksx (Impeachement) pykuk gks rks
blosQ fy, çfrfufèk lHkk egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjk,¡ (Articles of Impeachemnts) rS;kj djrh gS] vkSj lhusV esa eqdnek
pyk;k tkrk gSA çfrfufèk lHkk esa egkfHk;ksx dh èkkjkvksa dks lkèkkj.k cgqer (Simple Majority) ls ikfjr fd;k
tkrk gSA nks"k&flf¼ osQ fy, egkfHk;ksx dh çR;sd èkkjk ij lhusV esa mifLFkr rFkk ernku esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa
dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer (Two-Third Majority) vko';d gksxkA nks"k fl¼ gks tkus ij vfHk;qDr dks in ls gVk fn;k
tkrk gSA
fuokZpdh; 'kfDr;ka (Electoral Powers): pkj lky ckn tc jk"Vªifr vkSj mijk"Vªifr dk pquko gksrk gS rks bl
pquko esa Mkys x, oksVksa dh fxurh osQ fy, dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnuksa dk la;qDr vfèkos'ku (Joint Session) gksrk gSA
;fn jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, fdlh mEehnokj dks iw.kZ cgqer (Absolute Majority) ugha fey ikrk rks ftu rhu
mEehnokjksa dks lcls vfèkd oksV feys gks]a muesa ls ,d dks çfrfufèk lHkk jk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, pqu ysrh gSA
;fn mijk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, fdlh mEehnokj dks iw.kZ cgqer ugha fey ikrk rks ftu nks mEehnokjksa dks lcls vfèkd
oksV feys gksa] mesa ls ,d dks lhusV mijk"Vªifr in osQ fy, pqu ysrh gSA

lfefr ç.kkyh (The Committee System): vejhdh dkaxzsl osQ varxZr fofèk fuekZ.k dk okLrfod dk;Z vusd
lfefr;ksa vkSj milfefr;ksa (Sub-Committees) dh lgk;rk ls laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA dkaxzsl osQ çR;sd vfèkos'ku
esa gtkjksa foèks;d çLrqr fd, tkrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh lnL; bu foèks;dksa ls tqM+s gq, lkjs eqn~nksa dk tkudkj ugha gks
ldrkA ns[kk tk, rks fofèk fuekZ.k dk lkjk dk;Z fo'ks"kKrk (Specialization) dh ekax djrk gSA lfefr ç.kkyh
dk è;s; ,sls çR;sd dk;Z dks mi;qDr fo'ks"kKksa osQ çfr lkSaiuk gSA fiQj] lfefr osQ lnL; ,d le; fdlh ,d
fo"k; ij viuk è;ku osQafær dj ldrs gSa rkfd mlosQ fy, mi;qDr foèks;d dk çk:i rS;kj fd;k tk losQA

dkaxzsl dh lfefr dks vke rkSj ij ^y?kq foèkku&eaMy* (Little Legsilature) dh laKk nh tkrh gSA fdlh
Hkh foèks;d dks vafre :i nsus dk vfèkdkj ,slh lfefr;ksa osQ gkFk esa jgrk gSA fl¼karr% fdlh lfefr osQ çLrko
dks çfrfufèk lHkk lhusV esa vLohdkj dj ldrk gS] ijarq O;kogkjr% ,slk cgqr de gks ikrk gSA tc lfefr dk
vè;{k ;k vU; dksbZ lnL; lfefr osQ fopkj ;k fu.kZ; osQ ckjs esa lnu osQ iVy ij cksyrk gS] rc lkèkkj.kr%
foèkk;d mldh fo'ks"kKrk dk vknj djrs gSa] vkSj mldh ckr cM+s è;ku ls lqurs gSaA LFkk;h lfefr fdlh foèks;d
ij mldh fo'ks"kKrk dk vknj djrs gSa] vkSj mldh ckr cM+s è;ku ls lqurs gSaA ;fn dksbZ LFkk;h lfefr fdlh foèks;d
ij viuk çfrosnu (Report) çLrqr djus esa cgqr nsj dj ns] vFkkZr~ rhl fnu ls T;knk yxk ns rks çfrfufèk lHkk
osQ cgqer (vFkkZr~ 218 lnL;ksa) osQ gLrk{kj ls bl foèks;d dks ml lfefr osQ fopkj{ks=k ls okil ysus dh dkjZokbZ
dh tk ldrh gS] ijarq ,sls volj cgqr gh de vkrs gSaA

fiNyh nks 'krkfCn;ksa osQ nkSjku dkaxsl esa dbZ rjg dh lfefr;ka cukbZ xbZ gSaA eq[; çdkj dh lfefr;ksa dk fooj.k
fuEufyf[kr gSa%
LFkk;h lfefr (Standing Committee): dkaxzsl dk çR;sd lnu viuh&viuh vko';drk osQ vuqlkj] vius&vius
fu;eksa osQ varxZr] LFkk;h egÙo osQ fo"k;ksa ij LFkk;h lfefr;ka cuk ldrk gSA ,slh lfefr;ka lnu osQ iwjs dk;Zdky
rd pyrh gSaA buosQ mnkgj.k gSa % fofu;kstu lfefr (Appropriation Committee)] ctV lfefr (Budget
Committee) fons'kh ekeyksa dh lfefr (Foreign Affairs Committee)] vFkks±ik; lfefr (Ways and Means
Committee)] bR;kfnA
çoj lfefr (Select Committee): ;g lfefr lkèkkj.kr% fdlh fof'k"V foèkk;h mís'; (Specific Legislative
Purpose) dh iwfrZ osQ fy, cukbZ tkrh gS] tSls fd fdlh lkoZtfud leL;k osQ vè;;u vkSj fo'ys"k.k osQ fy,A
bls fuf'pr le; rd viuk çfrosnu çLrqr djuk gksrk gSA blosQ ckn ;g Hkax dj nh tkrh gSSA

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