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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV
fl¼karr% ç'kklu dh fdlh Hkh foiQyrk ij laiw.kZ eaf=keaMy dks R;kxi=k ns nsuk pkfg,]
ijarq dHkh&dHkh jktuhfr ;qfDr&dkS'ky osQ uke ij ,slh foiQyrk dks fdlh fo'ks"k foHkkx
dh foiQyrk dk eqík cukdj ml foHkkx osQ ea=kh dk R;kxi=k fnyk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj
ljdkj dks fxjus ls cpk fy;k tkrk gSA
vejhdh dkaxzsl (American Congress)
la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ foèkkueaMy dks ^dkaxzsl* dgk tkrk gSA vejhdk esa la?kh; 'kklu ç.kkyh (Federal
Government) çpfyr gSA ogka dh la?kh; ljdkj iwjs jk"Vª ls lacafèkr ekeyksa dk 'kklu pykrh gS] ipkl jkT;ksa
dh ljdkjsa vius&vius ls lacafèkr ekeyksa dk 'kklu pykrh gSA la?kh; ç.kkyh dh vko';drk osQ vuq:i ogka
la?k osQ foèkkueaMyμvFkkZr~ dkaxzsl esa nks lnu j[ks x, gSa % (1) çfrfufèk lHkk (House of Representatives) tks
laiw.kZ jk"Vª osQ tulkèkkj.k dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gS_ vkSj (2) lhusV (Senate) i`Fkd~&i`Fkd jkT;ksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrh
gSA çfrfufèk lHkk dks fuEu lnu ;k voj lnu (Lower House) dgk tkrk gS_ lhusV dks mPp lnu] mijyk lnu
(Uppoer House) dgk tkrk gS] ;k nwljk lnu (Second chamber) dgk tkrk gSaA çfrfufèk lHkk osQ lnL; dks
dkaxzsl&lnL; dgk tkrk gS] lhusV osQ lnL; dks lhusV lnL; ;k lhusVj (Senator) dgk tkrk gSA
çfrfufèk lHkk (House of Representatives): blesa 435 lnL; gksrs gSa tks fd iwjs ns'k dh turk osQ }kjk pqus
tkrs gSaA blosQ fuokZpu{ks=k (constituencies) tula[;k osQ vkèkkj ij cuk, tkrs gSaA vr% bl lnu esa fdlh jkT;
ls vkus okys çfrfufèk;ksa dh la[;k ogka dh tula[;k ij fuHkZj gSA
çfrfufèk lHkk osQ lnL; nks o"kZ osQ fy, pqus tkrs gSaA bl vofèk dks fdlh Hkh rjg c<+k;k ;k ?kVk;k ugha tk ldrkA
çpfyr çFkk (Convention) osQ vuqlkj] çfrfufèk lHkk dk lnL; mlh fuokZpu{ks=k ls laca/ gksuk pkfg, tgka ls
og pquko yM+rk gSA blls jk"Vªh; çfrHkkvksa dk ;Fkksfpr mi;ksx rks ugha gks ikrk] ijarq yksdra=k dh Hkkouk
(Democratic Spirit) dks vo'; cy feyrk gSA
çfrfufèk lHkk osQ lnL;ksa dks dqN fo'ks"kkfèkdkj (Privileges) çkIr gS mUgsa lnu esa cksyus dh iw.kZ Lora=krk gSA ogka
dgh xbZ fdlh Hkh ckr osQ fy, mu ij dksbZ dkuwuh dkjZokbZ ugha dh tk ldrhA vfèkos'ku osQ nkSjku mUgas nhokuh
ekeyksa (Civil Suits) esa canh ugha cuk;k tk ldrkA
çfrfufèk lHkk vius lHkkè;{k (Speaker) dk pquko Lo;a djrh gSA mls nyxr vkèkkj ij pquk tkrk gS] vkSj
lHkkè;{k cu tkus ij og vius ny dk lnL; cuk jgrk gSA
lhusV (Senate): la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ çR;sd jkT; dks lhusV esa vius nks&nks çfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj gS]
pkgs HkkSxksfyd ;k tula[;k dh n`f"V ls dksbZ jkT; fdruk Hkh NksVk ;k cM+k D;ksa u gks] pawfd ogka jkT;ksa dh orZeku
la[;k 50 gS] blfy, lhusV esa 100 lnL; gksrs gSaA 'kq:&'kq: esa jkT;ksa osQ foèkkueaMy vius&vius jkT; dk çfrfufèkRo
djus osQ fy, lhusV&lnL;ksa dk pquko djrs FksA ijarq 1913 ls jkT;ksa dh turk budk çR;{k pquko djrh gSA
çR;sd lhusV&lnL; Ng o"kZ osQ fy, pquk tkrk gSA nks&nks o"kZ ckn lhusV osQ ,d&frgkbZ lnL; lsok&fuo`Ùk gks tkrs
gSaA bl rjg iwjh lhusV dHkh Hkax ugha gksrhA ;g ,d LFkk;h lnu cuh jgrh gSa
la;qDr jkT; vejhdk dk mijk"Vªifr (Vice-President) lhusV dk lHkkifr (Chairman) gksrk gSA vejhdk osQ
jk"Vªifr dh rjg mijk"Vªifr dk pquko Hkh tulkèkkj.k osQ }kjk fuokZpd&x.k osQ ekè;e ls] pkj o"kZ dh fu;r
vofèk osQ fy, gksrk gSA lhusV esa mijk"Vªifr fu"i{k :i ls dk;Z djrk gSA og ernku (Voting) esa osQoy fgLlk
ysrk gS tc fdlh ekeys osQ i{k vkSj foi{k esa cjkcj er gks tkus osQ dkj.k iQSlyk u gks ik jgk gksA ,slh gkyr
esa og vius fu.kkZ;d er dk ç;ksx djrk gSA
184 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
