Page 184 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

8-1 fczfV'k laln dh 'kfDr vkSj laxBu] vejhdh dkaxzsl] fLol la?kh; foèkkueaMy uksV
(Composition and Power of the British Parliament, U.S. Congress,
Swiss Federal Assembly)

fczfV'k laln (British Parliament): lS¼kafrd n`f"V ls fczfV'k laln esa jkteqdqV (The Crown)] ykMZ lHkk
(House of Lords) vkSj dkWeUl lHkk (House of Commons) rhuksa vk tkrs gSaA ykMZ lHkk dks mPp lnu]
mijyk lnu (Upper House) ;k nwljk lnu (Second Chamber) dgk tkrk gS_ dkWeUl lHkk dks fuEu lnu
;k voj lnu (Lower House) dgk tkrk gSA ijarq okLro esa dkWeUl lHkk dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; ykMZ lHkk
dh rqyuk esa vfèkd foLr`r vkSj egÙoiw.kZ gSA O;kogkfjd vkSj jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls dkWeUl lHkk dks fczfV'k
laln dk i;kZ;okph le>k tkrk gS D;ksafd blosQ lnL;ksa dk pquko tulkèkkj.k osQ }kjk fd;k tkrk gS_ blh
lnu dks fofèk&fuekZ.k dh vafrd 'kfDr çkIr gS_ vkSj eaf=keaMy (Cabinet) vius vfLrRo osQ fy, blh lnu osQ
fo'okl (Confidence) ij vkfJr gSA
laln dh çHkqlÙkk (Sovereignty of Parliament): ,-oh- Mkblh (1835&1922) osQ vuqlkj] dkuwuh n`f"V ls
laln dh çHkqlÙkk baXySaM dh jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA baXySM osQ dkuwu osQ varxZr fdlh ,sls O;fDr
;k laLFkk dks ekU;rk ugha nh xbZ gS ftls laln osQ }kjk cuk, x, dkuwu dks jn~n djus ;k mlls Åapk dkuwu cukus
dk vfèkdkj gksA fofy;e CySDLVu (1723&80) osQ 'kCnksa esa laln dks dkuwu cukus] mldh iqf"V] foLrkj ;k
O;k[;k djus dk loksZifj vkSj vlhe vfèkdkj gSA ;s dkuwu fdlh Hkh rjg osQ gks ldrs gSaμpkgs os èkkfeZd gks
;k lkalkfjd gks] nhokuh gks ;k iQkStnkjh gks] lSfud gks] ;k vlSfud gksA ;g jktflagklu osQ mÙkjkfèkdkj dh iajijk
dks fu;fer dj ldrh gSa ;g ns'k osQ laLFkkfir èkeZ dks cny ldrh gSA ;g jkT; ;k Lo;a laln dh lajpuk dk
uo&fuekZ.k dj ldrh gSA ;g ,slk lc dqN dj ldrh gS tks çkd`frd n`f"V ls vlaHko u gksA
fczfV'k laln dks çHkqlÙkklaiUu ekuus dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd ogka dksbZ fyf[kr lafoèkku (Written
Constitution) ugha gS 'kklu&ç.kkyh ls tqM+h gqbZ çFkk,¡ (conventions)] U;kf;d n`"Vkar (Judicial Precedents)
vkSj laln osQ vfèkfu;e (parliamentary Enactments) gh ogka osQ lafoèkku dk vkèkkj gSA laln osQ vfèkfu;e
dkuwu dh n`f"V ls loksZifj gSA blosQ ekè;e ls çFkkvksa dks Hkh cnyk tk ldrk gS] ;k jn~n fd;k tk ldrk gSA
U;k;ikfydk dks ;g vfèkdkj ugha gS fd og fdlh Hkh vkèkkj ij laln osQ vfèkfu;eksa dk fofèk&cká (Extra-
Legal) ;k 'kfDr&cká (Ultra Vires) ?kksf"kr dj ns] vFkkZr~ ;g fu.kZ; ns losQ fd çLrqr vfèkfu;e dk fuekZ.k
laln dh 'kfDr ls ckgj gSA
ijarq O;kogkfjd n`f"V ls] laln dh 'kfDr loZFkk vlhe ugha gSA ysLyh LVhiQsu osQ vuqlkj] laln dh okLrfod
'kfDr;ka vkarfjd n`f"V ls Hkh dqN lhekvksa ls c¡èkh gS ,oa cká n`f"V ls HkhA vkarfjd n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks Lo;a
foèkkueaMy lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa dh nsu gSA vr% ;g ogh dkuwu cuk ldrk gS tks lkekftd n`f"V ls ekU; gksA
og ,slk dksbZ dkuwu Hkh ugha cuk ldrk tks yksder (Public Opinion) osQ fo:¼ gksA cká n`f"V ls ns[kk tk,
rks laln varjk"Vªh; dkuwu (International Law) osQ fo:¼ Hkh ugha tk ldrhA fiQj] vkt dh fczfV'k laln ;wjksih;
laln (european Parliament) osQ dkuwuksa dks ekU;rk nsus osQ fy, Hkh ckè; gS] D;ksafd ;qukbVsM fdaXMe ;wjksih;
la?k (European Union) dk lnL; gSA oSls ;s lc lhek,¡ O;kogkfjd lhek,¡ gSa tks varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; ;k ;wjksih;
la?k osQ fdlh Hkh lnL; ns'k osQ foèkkueaMy ij ykxw gksrh gSaA fczfV'k laln osQ lanHkZ esa budh ppkZ blfy, t:jh
gS D;ksafd mldh lÙkk dks fl¼karr% vlhe ekuk tkrk gSA
dkWeUl lHkk (House of Commons): dkWeUl lHkk osQ lnL;ksa dh orZeku la[;k 646 gSA ;s lc lnL; fuokZfpr
gksdj vkrs gSaA çpfyr Hkk"kk esa bUgsa ,eñihñ (Member of Parliament) ;k laln&lnL; dgk tkrk gSA ckgj osQ
nckoksa ls eqDr j[kus osQ fy, dqN ^fo'ks"kkfèkdkj* (Privileges) çkIr gksrs gSaA nhokuh dkjZokbZ (Civil Action) osQ
varxZr fxjÝrkj ugha fd;k ldrkA laln esa vius dÙkZO;ikyu osQ nkSjku og tks Hkk"k.k nsrk gS ;k vU; xfrfofèk;ksa

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 179