Page 180 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

gS a ysfdu iape x.krU=k eas jk"Vªifr dh fLFkfr esa Økafrdjh ifjorZu gqvk gS blesa jk"Vªifr dh 'kfDr uksV
esa vikj o`f¼ gqbZ rFkk eaf=kifj"kn~ ,o laln dh 'kfDr;ksa esa ßklA izQkal osQ ,d Hkwriwoz izèkkueU=kh
es.Mht izQkal osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªifr ,d voa'kkuqxr jktk cuk;k x;k gS vkSj ,slh 'kfDr;k¡ iznku dh
x;h gS ftuesa og vius dks ,d oSèkkfud vf/uk;d cuk ldrk gSA
z 1946 bZ- osQ lafoèkku es jk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, vgZrkvksa (Qualifications) dk mYys[k ugha Fkk A flIkQZ

bruk dgk x;k Fkk fd izQkal osQ fdlh HkwriwoZ jktoa'k dk oa'kt bl in osQ fy, mEehnokj ugha gks
ldrk FkkA bl miCkUèk dk mís'; jktrU=k dh iqu% LFkkiuk dks jksduk FkkA vr% jktoa'k osQ O;fÙkQ;ksa
dks NksM+dj 18 o"kZ ls vfèkd mez okyk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr bl in osQ fy, [kM+k gks ldrk FkkA izk;%
eè;e ;ksX;rk osQ O;fDr jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gksrs Fks] D;ksafd okLrfod 'kfDr osQ vHkko esa izHkko'kkyh
O;fDr bl in dks iLkUn ugha djrs FksA iape x.krU=k dk lafoèkku Hkh jk"Vªifr dh vgZrkvksa osQ
lEcUèk esa ekSu gS A ;g¡k rd fd jktoa'k lacaèkh izfrcaèk dh Hkh ppkZ ugha dh x;h gS A vr% u;s
lafoèkku esa dksbZ Hkh o;Ld izQkalhlh ukxfjd jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, [kM+k gks ldrk gSA

z fLol 'kklu&i¼fr u rks lalnkRed gS] u vè;{kkRed ghA mldh dk;Zikfydk esa nksuksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa
dk lfEeJ.k feyrk gS_ blesa nksuksa 'kklu&i¼fr;ksa osQ xq.kksa dks viukus rFkk voxq.kksa ls cPkus dk
iz;Ru fd;k x;k gS A fLoV~tjySaM esa dk;Zikfydk 'kfÙkQ dks fczVsu rFkk vesfjdk osQ ln`'k fdlh
,d O;fDr esa fufgr u dj lkr lnL;ksa dh ,d ifj"kn~ esa fufgr fd;k x;k gS ftls la?kh; ifj"kn~~
(Federal Council) dgrs gSaA blh dkj.k fLol dk;Zikfydk dks cgqy dk;Zikfydk (Plural
Executive) ;k e.MykRed dk;Zikfydk (Collegiate Excecutive) ;k fefJr dk;Zikfydk
(Commission Type Executive) dgrs gSaA lalkj dh dk;Zikfydkvksa esa ;g vrqY; rFkk vuks[kh
dk;Zikfydk (Unparallel and peculiar Executive) gSA dksfMax osQ 'kCnksa esa nl vuks[kk NksVs ns'k
dk vuks[kh laLFkk fu%lansg la?kh; ifj"kn~~ vFkkZr~ fLol la?kh; dk;Z ikfydk gSA
z lafoèkku dh èkkjk 92 osQ vuqlkj fLol jkT;e.My esa loksZPp funsZ'ku rFkk dk;Zikfydk 'kfÙkQ 7 lnL;ksa

dh ,d la?kh; ifj"kn~~ }kjk iz;qÙkQ dh tkrh gSa bl izdkj fLoV~tjySaM esa dk;Zdkfj.kh 'kfÙkQ fdlh ,d
O;fÙkQ&jk"Vªifr ;k lezkV osQ gkFk es ugha cfYd ,d ifj"kn~~ osQ gkFk esa lkSih x;h gSA lafoèkku }kjk
bldh lnL;&la[;k 7 fuf'pr dh x;h gS A
z fLol jkT;&e.My osQ jk"Vªifr in Hkh la?kh; ifj"kn~~ dh rjg vuks[kk rFkk vrqY; gSA fczVsu esa 'kklu
osQ dk;Zdkjh Hkkx dk izèkku izèkkuea=kh gksrk gS vkSj ^xkSjoiw.kZ* Hkkx dk izèkku lezkV gSA fLol jk"Vªifr]

izèkkuea=kh vkSj lezkV nksuksa inksa dk leUo; djrk gS og 'kklu dk izèkku gS vkSj jkT; dk Hkh A ysfdu
bldh rqyuk u rks fczfV'k izèkkuea=kh ls dh tk ldrh gS vkSj u fczfV'k lezkV ls ghA fczfV'k izèkkueU=kh
mlls cgqr T;knk 'kfÙkQ'kkyh gS vkSj fczfV'k lezkV dks mlls cgqr vfèkd lEeku rFkk xkSjo izkIr gS
A
z fczfV'k izèkkuea=kh 'kklu dk losZlokZ gSA og eaf=ke.My dk fuekZ.k&dÙkkZ lapkyu rFkk lagkjd gSA og
laln dk usrk jk"Vª dk izeq[k izoÙkQk rFkk fu;qfÙkQ;ksa dk vfèkdkjh gS] ysfdu fLol jk"Vªifr dks buesa
ls dksbZ vfèkdkj izkIr ugha gSA la?kh; ifj"kn~~ lnL;ksa dh u rks fu;qfÙkQ vkSj u rks mUgsa vinLFk djus
esa gh mldk dksbZ gkFk gSA mlosQ lHkh vfèkdkj muosQ lkfFk;ksa ls leku gSA

z 'kklu&iz.kkyh osQ Lrj ij vè;{kh; iz.kkyh (Presidential System) vkSj lalnh; iz.kkyh
(parliamentary System) dk feJ.k rS;kj djus dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k gSA vè;{kh; iz.kkyh dh

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