Page 177 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV z bl çdkj fczfV'k lafoèkku osQ vUrxZr ,d u;h laoSèkkfud laLFkk dk mn; gqvkA jktkvksa dh e`R;q gksrs
gh] u;s jktk ink:<+ gksrs_ ysfdu jktra=k ,d laLFkk osQ :i esa vuojr :i ls pyrk jgkA bl laLFkk
dks Økmu dgk tkus yxkA vkt Hkh lezkV O;fÙkQxr :i ls Økmu igurk gSA mlh osQ uke ij jkT;
osQ lHkh dk;Z gksrs gSaA foèkkur% lHkh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk Ïksr Hkh ogh gS_ ysfdu O;ogkjr% mudk ç;ksx lezkV
O;fÙkQxr :i ls ugha djrk_ cfYd ,d laLFkk osQ :i esa djrk gSA
z Økmu dh ,d vU; fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd og dHkh ejrk ugha] mudk vUr ugha gksrkA ;g vfouk'kh
(Immortal) gSA lezkV ,d O;fDr gS] og tUe xzg.k djrk gSA mldh e`R;q gksrh gS_ ysfdu Økmu
,d laLFkk gS_ blfy, og dHkh Hkh ejrh ugha] cfYd LFkk;h gSA
z fu"d"kZ :i esa jktk vkSj Økmu (King and Crown) esa nks çeq[k Hksn gSA igyk] jktk ,d O;fÙkQ
gS_ ysfdu Økmu ,d laLFkk gSA jktk ejrk gS] ysfdu Økmu LFkk;h gSA jktk æ"VO; gS] Økmu vn`';
gS nwljk Økmu dk ,d vax gSA mlosQ vfrfjDr eaf=kifj"kn~~ rFkk laln feydj Økmu dk fuekZ.k djrs
gSaμ vr% Økmu dh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk mi;ksx jktk lkekU; tulkèkkj.k osQ çfrfufèk;ksa }kjk djrk gSA
z la;qÙkQ&jkT; vesfjdk esa 'kfÙkQ;ksa osQ foHkktu osQ fl¼kar dks viuk;k x;k gSA dk;Zikfydk] foèkkf;dk
rFkk U;k;ikfydk rhuksa foHkkxksa dks vyx&vyx j[kk x;k gS fiQj Hkh bl fl¼kUr dks iwjs rkSj ij ykxw
ugha fd;k tk ldrkA baxySaM esa rks bl fl¼kar dks dksbZ egÙo ugha fn;k x;kA ogk¡ dk;Zikfydk vkSj
O;oLFkkfidk dks ,d&nwljs ls vfHkUu j[kk x;kA foèkkf;uh 'kfÙkQ laln&lfgr lezkV osQ gkFkksa esa gSA
z ;gk¡ lezkV dk eryc Økmu ls gSA vr% Økmu jk"Vªh; foèkkue.My dk vfHkUu vax gSaA mldh
Lohd`fr lafofèk ikfjr gksus osQ fy, vko';d gSA dksbZ Hkh foèks;d rc rd lafofèk iqLrd (Statue
Book) esa ntZ ugha gks ldrk tc rd fd lezkV ml ij gLrk{kj u djsA lezkV dks laln ikfjr fdlh
foèks;d dh Lohd`fr çèkku djus ;k mldk çfrfu"ksèk (Veto) dk vfèkdkj gS ysfdu og çfrfu"ksèk&vfèkdkj
Lo;a yqIr gks x;k] 1707 bZñ ckn bldk ç;ksx dHkh ugha gqvkA

z Økmu dks U;k; dk Ïksr (fountain of Justice) dgk tkrk gSA bl ,sfrgkfld dFku dk vFkZ gS fd
lezkV dk ln~foosd U;k;O;oLFkk esa vfUre okD; gSA ysfdu vc ;g dFku O;kogkfjdrk ls nwj gSA
vU; ns'kksa dh rjg baxySM esa Hkh LorU=k U;k;ikfydk osQ fl¼kar dks viuk;k x;k gSA
z fczVsu dh vU; laLFkkvksa dh rjg fczfV'k çèkkueU=kh dk in Hkh vkdfLed ?kVukvksa dk urhtk rFkk
la;ksx dh ckr (a child of chance) gSA bl in dh mRifÙk çFkkvksa osQ }kjk gqbZA bldh fLFkfr osQ ckjs
esa fdlh Hkh ifjfu;e ;k lafofèk esa dqN ftØ ugha gSA buksoj oa'k osQ 'kklu&dky esa okWyiksy dh
vè;{krk rFkk lapkyu djus dk volj feykA bl çdkj okWyiksy çFke çèkkuea=kh cukA ysfdu mls
vfèkdka'k yksx çFke eU=kh (First Minister) gh dgrs FksA çèkkueU=kh dh inoh yqbZ pkSngosa osQ 'kklu
dky osQ 'Prime Minister' dh udy }kjk viuk;h x;hA
z cgqer ny dk usrk lafoèkkur% çèkkueaU=kh dh fu;qfÙkQ lezkV }kjk gksrk gSA ysfdu nyxr ljdkj osQ
fodkl us ,d çFkk pyk nh gS] lezkV yksdlHkk esa fuokZfpr cgqla[;d jktuhfr ny osQ ekU; usrk
dks çèkkueU=kh dk in xzg.k djus rFkk eaf=keaMy&fuekZ.k osQ fy, vkefU=kr djrk gSA
z dqN ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa tc lezkV futh fu.kZ; (Discretion) osQ vuqlkj dk;Z dj ldrh gSA loZçFke
,slh ifjfLFkfr rc mRiUu gksrh gS tc çèkkueU=kh bl ckr dk lcwr NksM+s fcuk fd ny fdldks
mÙkjkfèkdkj cukuk pkgrk gS] R;kx&i=k ns nsrk gS ;k cgqer ny dk dksbZ Li"V rFkk fuf'pr usrk ugha
gSA ysfdu ;g vfèkdkj ,slk gS ftldk liQy ç;ksx bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd lezkV }kjk uketn
jktuhfrK 'kfÙkQ'kkyh ljdkj dk dgk¡ rd fuekZ.k dj ldrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] 1880 bzñ esa ykMZ
gkfVZxu mnkjoknh ny dk yksd&lHkk esa usrk Fkk vkSj xzsuokby mlosQ ykMZ&lHkk esa usrk Fkk] ysfdu

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