Page 175 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

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uksV djrk gS dSaVuksa dh foèkku lHkkvksa }kjk ikfjr dqN foèks;dksa dks la?kh; ifj"kn~~ dh Lohd`fr iznku djrk gSA la?kh;
lHkk dh Lohd`fr osQ fy, gq, dSaVu foèkku esa la'kksèku izLrkoksa dk la?kh; ifj"kn~~ tk¡p djrh rFkk foèkkue.My
esa mi;ZqÙkQ izLrko izLrqr djrh gSA fdlh dSaVu esa minzo vFkok v'kkfUr dh fLFkfr esa la?kh; ifj"kn~~ la?kh;
gLr{ksi dk fu'p; djrh rFkk lHkk dk vuqeksnu izkIr dj gLr{ksi djrh gSA
(ii) foèkk;h 'kfÙkQ;k¡% fofèk&fuekZ.k esa Hkh la?kh; ifj"kn~~ dk dkiQh gkFk jgrk gS èkkjk 102 (4) osQ vuqlkj
;g la?kh; lHkk esa dkuwu dk izk:i izLrqr djrh gS rFkk ifj"kn~~ ;k dSaVuksa }kjk izLrqr izLrkoksa ij izkajfHkd
izfrosnu nsrh gSA ;|fi blosQ lnL; foèkkue.My osQ lnL; ugha gksrs] ysfdu os fdlh Hkh lnu dh CkSBd esa
Hkkx ys ldrs gSaA vius fopkj lq>ko rFkk izLrko j[k ldrs gSa rFkk okn&fookn esa Hkkx ys ldrs gSaA la?kh;
ifj"kn~~ LosPNk ls ;k foèkkulHkk osQ funsZ'k ls foèks;d Hkh izsf"kr dj ldrh gSA blosQ vykok lHkk esa izLrqr fd,
tkus okys lHkh foèks;dksa dk la?kh; ifj"kn~~ ijh{k.k djrh gS rFkk laoSèkkfud n`f"V ls mUgsa =kqfV jfgr cukrh gSA
fLoV~tjySaM essa u;k foèks;d izk;% la?kh; ifj"kn~~ ls izkjEHk gksrh gSA vxj dksbZ foèks;d la?kh;&ifj"kn~~ dh utj
ls NwV Hkh tkrk gS rks mudh vkSipkfjd 'kq:vkr djus osQ fy, la?kh; ifj"kn~~ ls fuosnu fd;k tkrk gSA la?kh;
ifj"kn~~ foèks;d dk izk:i rS;kj djrh rFkk rdZiw.kZ izfrosnu osQ lkFk mls la?kh; lHkk osQ le{k j[krh gSA vxj
la?kh; lHkk us la?kh; ifj"kn~~ dks fdlh fo"k; ij foèks;d dk izk:i rS;kj djus osQ fy, dgk gks vkSj ifj"kn~~
mlosQ fo:¼ fjiksVZ nsrh gS rks lkèkkj.kr% lHkk foèks;d osQ ml izk:i dks dkuwu ugha cuus nsrh gSA la?kh; ifj"kn~~
dk dk;Z fliQZ foèks;d dk izk:i rS;kj djuk gh ugha gS cfYd blosQ ckn osQ miØeksa esa Hkh og lHkk dks usr`Ro
iznku djrh gSA bldk Hkkj ifj"kn~~ osQ ,d lnL; dks lkSai fn;k tkrk gSA og foèks;d lfefr ls fopkj&foe'kZ
djrk] mldh cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysrk rFkk mls ijke'kZ nsrk gSA bl laUnHkZ esa izks- jSiMZ dk dFku gS fd ;g le>kuk
dfBu ugha fd laln lnL; D;ksa ugha okLrfod foèkk;d cu ikrs gSa tc foèks;d fdlh lnu osQ le{k j[kk
tkrk gS] tc la?kh; ifj"kn~ tks ifj"kn~ }kjk mls foèks;d dk laj{kd fu;qÙkQ fd;k tkrk gS] mls izLrqr djrk
gSA mldk vFkZ crykrk gS mlosQ i{k esa rdZ nsrk gS vkSj foèkkf;dh HksfM+;ksa ls mldh j{kk djus osQ fy, xM+fj;s
dk dke djrk gSA iqu% izks- jSiM osQ 'kCnksa esa ekuuk iM+sxk fd lokZfèkd mÙkjnk;h rFkk Hkkoiw.kZ dk;Z foèkkue.My
dk ugha cfYd dk;Zikfydk dk gSA la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ rÙokoèkku eas foèkkue.My }kjk ikfjr lHkh foèks;d Nirs
gSa rFkk mlosQ vkns'k ls fuèkkZfjr frfFk ls O;ogkj esa yk;s tkrs gSaA
la?kh; lHkk dh lfefr;ksa dh dk;Zokgh vkSj fu.kZ; dks Hkh la?kh; ifj"kn~ izHkkfor djrh gSA lfefr;k¡ ifj"kn~ osQ
fo'ks"kKksa osQ erksa dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrh_ os la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ fo'ks"kKksa dh lgk;rk ls viuh fjiksVZ rS;kj
djrh gSA
la?kh; lHkk vius dkuwuksa dh O;k[;k vFkok Li"Vhdj.k gsrq la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ fofu;e (regulations) cukus dk
vfèkdkj nsrh gSA vr% ,d Hkkjh la?kh; ifj"kn~ izfr o"kZ fofu;e vFkok vfèkfu;e ikfjr dj izR;{k :i ls
fofèk fuekZ.k esa Hkkx ysrh gSA
(iii) U;kf;d vfèkdkj % la?kh; ifj"kn~ dks dqN U;kf;d vfèkdkj (Judicial power) Hkh izkIr gSaA og dqN fo'ks"k
izdkj dh vUrjk"Vªh; lafèk;ksa rFkk lafoèkku dh dfri; èkkjkvksa tSls&183 ('kqYd jfgr lSfud vL=k&'kL=k)] 51
(ftlwV èkkfeZd leqnk;)] 53 (dfczLrku) vkfn osQ vUrxZr mRiUu fooknksa osQ lEcUèk esa dh x;h vihyksa ij fu.kZ;
nsrh gSA la?kh; jsyos iz'kklu rFkk fofHkUu iz'kkldh; foHkkxksa osQ fo#¼ dh x;h vihy dh ;g lquokbZ djrh gSA
vU; ns'kksa dh dk;Zikfydk osQ ln`'k mls {keknku (pardon) dk vfèkdkj izkIr ugha gSaA
(iv) foÙkh; vfèkdkj% lafoèkku Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgrk gS fd la?kh; ifj"kn~~ jkT;&eaMy foÙk dk iz'kklu djrh
gS] ctV rS;kj djrh gS rFkk vk;&O;; dk ys[kk j[krh gSA
bl izdkj la?kh; lHkk dh Lohd`fr ls la?kh;ifj"kn~~ jktLo ,d=k djrh gS rFkk mlosQ O;; dk vèkh{k.k djrh gSA
(v) ladVdkyhu vfèkdkj% Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku osQ ln`'k fLol lafoèkku dk;Zikfydk ladV vFkok vkifÙkdky
esa dksbZ fo'ks"k vfèkdkj iznku ugha djrh gSA ysfdu vkUrfjd ;k vUrjkZ"Vªh; fLFfr ls mRiUu ladVdky esa

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