Page 170 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

lqj{kk&lsok,a] x`g&ea=kky;] j{kk ea=kky; vkSj fons'k ea=kky; lhèks jk"Vªifr osQ vèkhu dj fn, x, gSaA jk"Vªifr uksV
in dk mEehnokj de&ls&de nl yk[k ernkrkvksas osQ }kjk euksuhr gksuk pkfg,_ blesa fdlh ,d vaPky
(Region) ;k x.kjkT; (Republic) osQ ernkrkvksa dh la[;k dqy la[;k dh 7% ls T;knk ugha gksuh pkfg,A
:l esa foèkkf;dk (Legislature) osQ d`R; la?kh; lHkk (Federal Assembly) dks lkSais x, gSaA blesa nks lnu
(Chambers) j[ks x, gSaA voj lnu (Lower House) dks LVsV M;wek dgh tkrh gS A blesa 4520 lnL;ksa
dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA mPp lnu (upper House ) oQks la?kh; ifj"kn~ (Federal Council) dgk tkrk gSA
blesa 178 lnL;ksa dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
phu dk jk"Vªifr (President of China)

osQUæh; dk;Zikfydk% x.kra=k dk vè;{k (Central Executive: Chairman of the Republic): tuoknh
phu dk lafoèkku vkaf'kd :i ls lalnh; iz.kkyh dks viukrk gSA Hkkjr dh Hkk¡fr x.kra=k dk vè;{k gksrk
gS tks 'kklu osQ vè;{k ;kuh izèkkuea=kh ls vyx gksrk gSA 1954 osQ lafoèkku esa vè;{k in dh O;oLFkk
dh x;hA ekvksa &Rls rqax x.kra=k osQ vè;{k osQ lkFk&lkFk ny osQ egklfpo Hkh jgs ftl dkj.k os ns'k osQ
loZ'kfDr'kkyh inkfèkdkjh cus jgsA ysfdu fym&'kkvksa&ph dh ;g fLFkfr ugha FkhA 1975 osQ lafoèkku esa bl
in dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k vkSj LFkk;h lfefr rFkk mlosQ vè;{k dks x.kra=k osQ vè;{k dh 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj
dk;Z lkSais fn;s x;sA iqu% 1982 osQ u, lafoèkku }kjk bl in dks iquftZfor dj fn;k x;kA NBh jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl
(twu] 1983) us cqtZqx izfrf"Br usrk yh thvkfu;u (Li-Xianian) dks x.kra=k dk vè;{k pqukA 18 viSzy]

1988 dks tujy ;kax 'kkaxdqu (Yangshangkun) phu osQ u, vè;{k pqus x,A
vè;{k dk pquko (Election of the Chairman): phuh x.kjkT; osQ vè;{k dk pquko jk"Vªh; dk¡xzsl osQ
lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA 1954 osQ lafoèkku }kjk mldk dk;Zdky 4 o"kZ fuèkkZfjr fd;k Fkk_ 1982 osQ
lafoèkku }kjk dk;Zdky 5 lky dk dj fn;k x;k gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] ftls jktuhfrd vfèkdkj izkIr gksa
vkSj mldh vk;q 45 o"kZ gks] vè;{k pquk tk ldrk gS A oLrqr% ny osQ ofj"B vkSj izfrf"Br usrk gh bl
in osQ fy, pqus tkrs gSa tSls ekvks&Rlsrqax] fyÅ&'kkvks&ph vkSj yh thvkfu;uA
vè;{k dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj dk;Z (Powers and Functions of the Chairman): phuh x.kjkT; osQ vè;{k
dh 'kfDr;ksa vkSj dk;ksZa dk foLr`r o.kZu lafoèkku esa fd;k x;k gSA vè;;u dh lqfoèkk osQ gsrq mlosQ dk;ksZa
vkSj vfèkdkjkas dks pkj oxkZs esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ budk o.kZu la{ksi esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
(d) iz'kkldh; 'kfDr;k¡ ,oa dk;Z% x.kjkT; osQ vè;{k dks izèkkuea=kh vkSj mi&izèkkuea=kh dh fu;qfDr
dk vfèkdkj iznku fd;k x;k gS A og mUgsa muosQ in ls gVk Hkh ldrk gSA vk;ksxksa osQ vè;{kksa vkSj eaf=k;ksa
oQks fu;qDr djus vkSj mUgas inP;qr djus dk vfèkdkj Hkh x.kjkT; osQ vè;{k dk gksrk gSA ;g jkT; ifj"kn~
osQ egklfpo dks fu;qDr ,oa inP;qr djus dk vfèkdkj Hkh j[krk gSA ysfdu fu;qfDr&lacaèkh ;as vfèkdkj
oLrqr%ny osQ izsftfM;e dks izkIr gSA mlh dh bPNk osQ vuqlkj bu fu;qfDr;ksa dh ?kks"k.kk vè;{k djrk
gSA jk"Vªh; tu&dk¡xzsl osQ dkuwuksa vkSj ?kks"k.kkvksa dks ykxw djus dk dk;Z Hkh vè;{k dk gh gS A og
ns'k osQ fdlh {ks=k vFkok leLr ns'k esa lSfud 'kklu LFkkfir djus dk vfèkdkj j[krk gS A lsuk dk
loksZPp vfèkdkjh ogh gS vkSj blfy, og lsuk dks tks Hkh pkgs vkKk ns ldrk gSA jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ifj"kn~~
osQ mikè;{k vkSj vU; lnL;ksa dh fu;qfDr djus dk vfèkdkj Hkh mls izkIr gSA og mUgsa muosQ in
ls gVk Hkh ldrk gS A mls ;q¼ dh ?kks"k.kk djus dk Hkh vfèkdkj gksrk gS vkSj og ns'k osQ fdlh Hkh
Hkkx esa ek'kZy ykW ykxw dj ldrk gS A lp iwNk tk; rks og Hkkjr osQ jk"Vªifr dh Hkk¡fr ukeek=k dk
izèkku gS blfy, mlosQ iz'kkldh; vfèkdkjksa dk okLrfod iz;ksx izèkkuea=kh rFkk mlosQ lg;ksxh ny gh
djrs gSaA
([k) vkSipkfjd 'kfÙkQ;k¡ ,oa dk;Z % lafoèkku esa x.kjkT; osQ vè;{k dh vkSipkfjd 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk Hkh

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