Page 172 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

ls 1803 bZ0 rd tc fLoV~tjySaM izQakl osQ vèkhu Fkk rks jk"Vªh; dk;Zdkfj.kh 'kfÙkQ 5 lnL; dh MkbZjsDVjh dks nh uksV
x;h FkhA ;g Hkh ,d eaMykRed dk;Zdkfj.kh dk iz;ksx FkkA f}rh;] fLol&turk fdlh O;fÙkQ fo'ks"k osQ gkFk esa
lÙkk dks osQfUnzr djus dh izo`fÙk dk LoHkkor% fojksèk djrh gS A bl izo`fr dks ;g tura=kh; fl¼kUrksa osQ izfrdwy
ekurh gSA blesa mls jktrU=k vFkok rkuk'kkgh dk vkHkkl feyrk gSA 1848 bZ0 es lafoèkku&izk:i fuekZ.k lfefr
us crk;k Fkk fd lfefr fdlh ,sls in dk fuekZ.k izLrkfor djus dh ckr ugha lksPk ldrh tks fLol turk osQ
foPkkjksa ,oa LoHkko osQ izfrdwy gks rFkk ftlls og jktrU=kkRed ;k rkuk'kkg izo`fÙk dk izek.k ns[k losQA fLoV~tjySaM
esa ifj"kn~ksa dh i¼fr teh gqbZ gSA gekjh iztkrkaf=kd Hkkouk fdlh vU; O;fÙkQxr izèkkurk osQ izfr fojksèk djrh gSA
fLol turk ,MeaM jSUMksYiQ osQ vuqlkj ,dy dk;Zikfydk jktrU=k dk xHkZLFk f'k'kq gSA okbej lafoèkku (Wimar
Constitution) osQ fuekZ.k osQ le; teZuh esa Hkh fLol&i¼fr dh udy djus dh ps"Vk dh ij liQyrk ugha feyhA
la?kh; ifj"kn~~ osQ laxBu dks O;kidre cukus dh dksf'k'k dh x;h gSA bl mís'; dh izkfIr osQ fy, dqN laoSèkkfud
micUèk rFkk O;kogkfjd ijEijk,¡ gSaA ,d laoSèkkfud izfrcUèk ;g yxk;k x;k gS fd ifj"kn~~ esa ,d dSaVu ls fliQZ
,d O;fÙkQ gh fuokZfpr gks ldrk gS ,d ls vfèkd ughaA ,slh O;oLFkk blfy, fd x;h fd vfèkd&ls vfèkd
dSaVu izfrfufèkRo ik losQaA ijUrq ;g n`<+ ijEijk cu x;h gS fd cuZ] T;qfjp rFkk okaM uked dSaVuksa esa ls ,d&,d
lnL; vo'; gksaA dqN O;kogkfjd ijEijk,¡ Hkh gSa tks laxBu dks O;kid izfrfufèkRo Lo:i nsrh gS tSls&izeq[k
èkekZoyfEc;ksa Hkk"kk&Hkkf"k;ksa RkFkk jktuhfrd nyksa dks leqfpr izfrfufèkRo nsdjA lkekU;r% la?kh; ifj"kn~ esa 3 teZu
Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh rFkk 1 bVkfy;u Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh dSaVu ls ik"kZn fy;as tkrs gSaa blosQ vfrfjDr ifj"kn~ jktuhfrKksa dk ,d
csesy vFkok fotkrh; (Heterogeneous) leqnk; Hkh gS A fczfV'k eaf=ke.My esa flIkQZ ,d ny osQ vuq;k;h jgrs
gSaA ysfdu fLol la?kh; ifj"kn~ dh ,d fofp=krk ;g gS fd mlesa LkHkh izeq[k nyksa dks LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA 1929
bZ- ls izk;% lHkh izeq[k nyksa& mnkjoknh] dSFkksfyd vuqnkjoknh] d`"kd ny rFkk lektoknh nyksa dks izfrfufèkRo
feyrk vk jgk gSA

fLol dk;Zikfydk dks cgqy dk;Zikfydk D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\

fuokZpu&i¼fr% la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL;ksa dh fuokZpu&i¼fr (System of Election) 1848 bZ- osQ lafoèkku }kjk
fuèkkZfjr dh x;h FkhA la?kh; lHkk osQ nksuksa lnu la;qÙkQ vfèkos'ku esa mudk fuokZpu djrs gSaA ik"kZnksa dk turk }kjk
izR;{k fuokZpu dk izLrko dbZ ckj vk;k gS] ysfdu yksd fu.kZ; us vLohd`r dj fn;k gSA
dk;Zdky% lafoèkku dh èkkjk 96 esa la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ dk;Zdky dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL;
4 o"kks± osQ fy, fu;qÙkQ fd;s tkrs gSaA 1931 bZ- osQ igys bldh vofèk osQoy 3 o"kZ dh FkhA ysfdu 1931 bZ- esa jk"Vªh;
ifj"kn~~ osQ lkFk blosQ dk;Z&dky dks Hkh izk;% c<+kdkj 4 o"kZ dj fn;kA lafoèkku esa ;g dgk x;k fd la?kh; lHkk
osQ izR;sd uo&fuokZpu ij la?kh; ifj"kn~~ dk Hkh u;k fuokZpu gksxkA vr% izk;% la?kh; ifj"kn~ dk pquko la?kh; lHkk
}kjk izR;sd pkSFks o"kZ jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ osQ fuokZpu osQ rqjUr ckn gksrk gSA nwljk izkoèkku ;g gS fd ;fn o"kZ dh vofèk
osQ vUrxZr la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ fdlh lnL; dk LFkku fjÙkQ gks rks la?kh; lHkk viuh igyh CkSBd esa gh 'ks"k vofèk
osQ fy, lnL; dk fuokZpu djsxhA èkkjk 120 osQ vUrxZr ;g leL;k iSnk gksrh gSA lafoèkku dk iqufuZjh{k.k djus
dk izLrko foPkkjkèkhu gks rks la?kh; lHkk osQ lkFk&lkFk la?kh; ifj"kn~ dks Hkh fo?kVu dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj
uofuokZfpr foèkku&lHkk iqu la?kh; ifj"kn~ dk fuokZpu djrh gSA
;|fi lnL;ksa dk oSèkkfud dky 4 o"kZ gS ijUrq mudk ckj&ckj iqufuZokZpu gksrk jgrk gSA iQyLo:i mudk
vkSlr dk;Z&dky 10 o"kZ gks tkrk gSA vusd ,sls Hkh ik"kZn gq, gS ftUgksaus 30&30 o"kkZsa rd lnL;&in dk mi;ksx
fd;k gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ MkW- thlV ekVk 21 o"kksaZ rd la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; cus jgsA vkèkqfud ik"kZnksa esa MkW-
fiQfyi ,Vj 23 o"kksZa ls MkW- dkyZ ykScysV 14 o"kkZsa ls] MkW esDl isfVªV ihpj 10 o"kksaZ ls vkSj MW0 jkSMksYiQ :ckVy
8 o"kks± ik"kZn&in ij jgsA

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