Page 173 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV ;ksX;rk,¡% lafoèkku dh èkkjk 96 osQ vuqlkj la?kh; ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL; mu lHkh fLol ukxfjdksa osQ chp esa ls pqus
tkrs gS tks jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ dh lnL;rk dh ;ksX;rk j[krs gSA vr% dksbZ Hkh O;fÙkQ tks jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ osQ fy, pqus
tkus dh ;ksX;rk j[krk gS la?kh; ifj"kn~ dk lnL; fuokZfpr gks ldrk gS bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd èkekZfèkdkjh
(Clergy) la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; ugha gks ldrs D;ksfd muosQ fy, jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ dh lnL;rk oftZr gSA 1914 bZ-
esa ,d dkuwu }kjk ;g cUèku yxk fn;k x;k fd nks fudV lEcUèkh la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; ugha gks ldrs vkSj u
rks la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ fudV lEcUèkh fdlh ,sls in ij fu;qÙkQ fd;s tk ldrs gS tks fd la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ vèkhu
gksA lafoèkku dh èkkjk 97 osQ vuqlkj ;g izfrcUèk yxk fn;k x;k gS fd la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; jkT;&e.My vFkok
fdlh dSaVu osQ vUrxZr vU; dksbZ in xzg.k ugha dj ldrs u rks os dksbZ vU; O;olk; gh dj ldrs gSaA ;|fi
lafoèkku esa ,slk dksbZ izkoèkku ugha gS A fiQj Hkh la?kh; lHkk] la?kh; ifj"kn~~ osQ fy, vfèkdrj vius lnl;ksa esa ls
gh fuokZpu djrh gSA ysfdu èkkjk 97 }kjk yxk;s x;s izfrcUèk osQ vuqlkj la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; pqus tkus ij
mudks la?kh; lHkk dh lnL;rk ls in&R;kx djuk iM+rk gSA ysfdu O;kogkjr% lnL;ksa dk ;ksX; 'kklu gksuk
vko';d gSA mUgsa vuqHkoh ;ksX; rFkk fuqi.k gksuk pkfg,A muesa ikjLifjd erHksnksa dks le>kSrs osQ }kjk lqy>kus dh
{kerk gksuh pkfg,A muesa iz'kklfud ;ksX;rk Js"B ekufld 'kfÙkQ cqf¼ pSrU;] O;ogkj&dq'kyrk] 'kkar LoHkko vfn
xq.kksa dk gksuk vko';d gS bUgha xq.kksa dh vko';drk osQ dkj.k vfèkdrj lnL; ,sls gksrs gSaA tks la?kh; lHkk RkFkk dSaVu
osQ foèkku&e.My osQ lnL; vFkok dSaVu ;k jkT;e.My osQ dksbZ mPpkfèkdkjh jg pqosQ gS vkSj dkiQh nh?kZdky rdA
dksfMax dk dguk gS fd fLoV~tjySM esa in&xzg.k djus osQ fy, fdlh O;fÙkQ esa fouezrk (Modesty) dk xq.k gksuk
vko';d gSaA O;fÙkQxr xq.kkas rFkk lsok osQ iQyLo:i gh la?kh; ifj"kn~~~ dh lnL;rk dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA
la?kh; ifj"kn~ dh lnL;rk osQ fy, oSfèkd ;ksX;rkvksa osQ vfrfjÙkQ vusd ijEijkvksa dk fodkl gqvk gS ftldk ikyu
ik"kZn osQ fuokZpu osQ lEcUèk esa cgqr dM+kbZ ls fd;k tkrk gSA muesa fuEukafdr ijEijk,¡ mYys[kuh; gSa&(1) la?kh;
ifj"kn~ dh lnL;rk la?k esa HkkSxksfyd 'kfÙkQ osQ osQUnzhdj.k dks vfHkO;ÙkQ djrh gS A ijEijk }kjk ;g iwoZ fuf'pr
gS fd lcls cM+s dSaVu cuZ vkSj T;qfjPk dks ifj"kn~ esa vo'; gh izfrfufèkRo izkIr gksxkA (2) Hkk"kkxr vYila[;dksa
dks izfrfufèkRo nsus osQ fopkj ls ;g ijEijk cu x;h gS fd ik¡p ls vfèkd ik"kZn teZu&Hkk"kh {ks=k ls ugha vk,axsA
(3) dkuwu osQ vHkko esa Hkh la?kh; ifj"kn~ esa ns'k osQ lHkh izeq[k jktuhfrd nyksa dks mudh 'kfÙkQ osQ vuqikr esa
izfrfufèkRo izkIr gksrk gSA (4) la?kh; ifj"kn~ esa og O;fÙkQ gh pqus tkrs gSa ftUgs lkoZtfud dk;ks dk i;kZIr vuqHko gksA
±
izk;% jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ksa osQ bPNkuqdwy iqufuZokZpu gksrk gSA vfèkdka'k ik"kZn nks&rhu vofèk;ksa rd lnL; cus jgrs gSaA
osru% la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; dks la?kh; fufèk ls 48]000 izQSad okf"kZd osru feyrk gSA 55 o"kZ dh mez okys lnL;ksa
dks fuo`fÙk &osru (Pension) fn;k tkrk gS c'krsZ fd os nl o"kks± rd ik"kZn jg pqosQ gksa A fuo`fÙk&osru dk 40 ls 60
izfr'kr gksrk gSaA ik"kZnksa dk osru vU; ns'kksa osQ efU=k;ksa dh vis{kk cgqr ghs de gS vkSj os cgqr lknxh ls jgrs gSaA
iz'kkldh; foHkkx% fLoV~tjySaM esa iz'kklu osQ leLr dk;Z dks 7 foHkkxksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gSaA izR;sd foHkkx ,d
la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ vèkhu gksrk gSaA tks mlosQ dk;Zlapkyd osQ fy, leLr ifj"kn~ osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA ,d foHkkx
osQ izeq[k dh vLoLFkrk ;k vuqifLFkfr esa dk;Z djus osQ fy, izR;sd foHkkx dk izeq[k nwljs foHkkx dk mi&izeq[k
gksrk gSA lEiw.kZ iz'kklu osQ fy, lkewfgd :i ls mÙkjnk;h (Collectively responsible) gksrk gS_ ijUrq gkzwt osQ
er esa ;g HkzekRed gS fd la?kh; ifj"kn~ dk lkewfgd :i esa (Corporate body) fdl lhek rd vfLrRo gSA
cgqèkk dgk tkrk gS fd fLoV~tySaM esa lkr dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL; (Federal Councillors) gSa ijUrq dksbZ dk;Zdkfj.kh
ifj"kn~ (Federal council) ughaA orZeku dky esa fuEufyf[kr 7 iz'kkldh; foHkkx (Administrative Depart-
ments) gSa ftudk foHkktu vesfjdk osQ leku foèkkf;dh vfèkfu;e ls ugha] cfYd izQkal osQ tSlk dk;Zikfydk
fofue; ls gqvk gS&
(1) jktuhfrd foHkkx (Political Department)
(2) x`g foHkkx (Department of Interior),
(3) U;k; vkSj iqfyl foHkkx (Department of Justice and Police),

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