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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV lezkV oQks tks lEeku feyrs gSa os lHkh jk"Vªifr dks izkIr gksrs FksA og jk"Vª dh ,drk dk izrhd vkSj jktuhfrd
nycanh ls Åij le>k tkrk FkkA ladVdkyhu voLFkkvksa esa og egÙoiww.kZ dk;ksaZ dk LkEiknu djrk Fkk vkSj jk"Vª
dk usrk cu tkrk FkkA cgqnyh; O;oLFkk osQ dkj.k eaf=ke.My osQ fuekZ.k esa mls i;kZIr foosd RkFkk cqf¼ dk iz;ksx
djuk iM+rk FkkA vuqHko ,oa ;ksX;rk osQ vuqikr esa iz'kklu osQ dk;Z esa og i;kZIr uSfrd rFkk jktuhfrd izHkko
Mkyrk Fkk eaf=ke.My dh fLFkjrk cuk;s j[kus esa mldk cgqr cM+k gkFk FkkA vr% U;wesu osQ 'kCnksa eas jk"Vªifr in
esa izQkal osQ izkphu xkSjo dh >yd feyrh gSA blesa jkT; dh izfr"Bk feyrh gSA bl in dk vUr x.kra=k osQ Hkwr
vkSj orZeku xkSjo dk vUr gSA
1958 bZ- osQ lafoèkku eas ;g fp=k iw.kZ ifjofrZr gks x;k bldh 'kfÙkQ;k¡ O;kid rks gks x;h gSa] lkFk&lkFk mudk
okLrfod iz;ksx Hkh og djus yxk gSA fczfV'k lezkV dh Hkk¡fr og jkT; osQ xkSjoiw.kZ vax rks gS gh lkFk&lkFk vejhdh
jk"Vªifr dh rjg 'kklu dh okLrfod ckxMksj Hkh mlosQ gkFkksa esa vk x;h gSA eaf=ke.My rFkk laln ij mldk iw.kZ
fu;a=k.k gks x;k gSA mlosQ ladVdkyhu vfèkdkj us mldh 'kfÙkQ dks vR;fèkd c<+k fn;k gSA og ns'k rFkk lafoèkku
dk j{kd Hkh gks x;k gSA mlh vikj 'kfÙkQ;k¡ rFkk mlosQ okLrfod iz;ksx osQ vkèkkj ij izQalhlh lkE;oknh usrk ekWfjl
Fkksjst us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd jk"Vªifr dks u;s lafoèkku eas 19oha 'krkCnh osQ lezkVksa ls Hkh vfèkd 'kfÙkQ;k¡ izkIr gSaA
izks0 ,jksu us izQkal osQ jk"Vªifr dh rqyuk vesfjdk osQ jk"Vªifr ls djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd dkxt ij izQkal dk
jk"Vªifr vesfjdk osQ jk"Vªifr ls de 'kfÙkQ'kkyh gSA lHkh phtksa osQ ckotwn ik¡pok¡ x.krU=k ,d lalnh; ljdkj dh
LFkkiuk djrk gSA bldk lcwr ;g gS fd ljdkj jk"Vªh; LkHkk osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h gS jk"Vªifr osQ izfr ughaA var esa
izks0 ,jksu osQ 'kCnksa esa gh ^^jk"Vªifr&in dk fodkl nks izdkj ls gks ldrk gSA ;fn lkèkkj.k O;fÙkQ jk"Vªifr gks
rks og ek=k ljdkj dk loZJs"B ijke'kZnkrk ;k loksZPp eè;LFk cudj jg ldrk gS] rc lafoèkku ljdkj dh vksj
fodflr gksxk vFkok vxj og oLrqr% vius vfèkdkj dk iz;ksx djuk pkgrk gks rks la?k"kZ eksy ysxk&loZizFke
vius izèkkueU=kh osQ lkFk vkSj ckn esa jk"Vªh; lÙkk osQ lkFkA
jf'k;k dk jk"Vªifr (President of Russia)
'kklu&iz.kkyh osQ Lrj ij vè;{kh; iz.kkyh (Presidential System) vkSj lalnh; iz.kkyh (parliamentary
System) dk feJ.k rS;kj djus dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k gSA vè;{kh; iz.kkyh dh rjg ;gka ,d 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vªifr
(President) dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS] vkSj lalnh; iz.kkyh dh rjg ;gka ,d 'kfDr'kkyh laln (Parliament) dh
O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS ftls la?kh; lHkk (Federal Assembly) dgk tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr jkT; dk vè;{k (Head of
state ) gS tks lhèks tulkèkkj.k osQ }kjk pkj o"kZ osQ fy, pquk tkrk gS_ mls yxkrkj nks ckj ls vkxs ugha pquk tk
ldrkA og lafoèkku dk laj{kd gS] vkSj l'kL=k lsukvksa dk lokZsPp lsukifr (Supreme commander of the
Armed Forces) Hkh gSA og izèkku ea=kh (Prime Minister) rFkk eaf=k&ifj"kn~~ (Council of Ministers) vFkok
eaf=keMay (Cabinet) dh fu;qfDr djrk gSA ftlesa yxHkx 30 lnL; j[ks tkrs gSaA budh fu;qfDr osQ fy, laln
(Parliament) dk vuqeksnu t:jh gksrk gS A jk"Vªifr ,d varjax eaf=keaMy (Kitchen Cabinet) dh lykg ls dk;Z
djrk gS ftlesa mlosQ fo'oLr fe=k vkSj mPpkfèkdkjh lfEefyr gksrs gSA eaf=keaMy dks lÙkk esa jgus osQ fy, laln
dk fo'okl izkIr gksuk pfg,A
jk"Vªifr vkKkfIr;ka (Decrees) tkjh dj ldrk gS tks dkuwu dh rjg ekU; gksrh gSA ijarq ;s vkKfIr;ka
izpfyr dkuwu osQ fo#¼ ugha gksuh pkfg,A fiQj laln bUgsa fujLr Hkh dj ldrh gSA nwljh vksj] jk"Vªifr
Hkh laln&}kjk& ikfjr foèks;d (Bill) dks dkuwu cuus ls jksd ldrk gSA og laln&vFkkZr~ la?kh; lHkk
(Federal Assembly) osQ izfr vius okf"kZd vfHkHkk"k.k (Annual Address) osQ varxZr ljdkj dh jktuhfrd
vkSj vkfFkZd uhfr dk fu:i.k dj ldrk gSA ns'k dh j{kk (Defence) dk nkf;Ro laHkkyus osQ fy, jk"Vªifr
lqj{kk & ifj"kn~ (Security Council) fu;qDr djrk gS ftldk vè;{k og Lo;a gksrk gSA og osaQnzh; cSad
(Central Bank) osQ vè;{k (Chairperson), egk&vfHk;kstd (prosecutor General) rFkk U;k;ikfydk
(Judiciary) osQ izeq[k lnL;ksa dh fu;qfDr dk izLrko laln osQ ikl Hkstrk gSA tuojh] 1994 osQ ckn
164 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
