Page 164 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

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vc mEehnokjksa dk p;u MseksØsfVd vkSj fjifCydu nyksa osQ jk"Vªh; lEesyuksa (National convention) }kjk gksrk uksV
gSA bl gsrq lafoèkku esa dqN ugha dgk x;k gSA çR;sd ny dh jk"Vªh; lfefr vius&vius ny osQ fy, lEesyu
osQ le; rFkk LFkku dk fu.kZ; djrh gS vkSj bl lecUèk esa çkjafHkd O;oLFkk djrh gSA çR;sd ny viuk lEesyu
tqykbZ ;k vxLr osQ eghus esa çk;% djrk gSA jk"Vªh; lEesyu osQ çfrfufèk (Delegates) osQ pquko osQ fy, ny fofHkUu
rjhosQ viukrs gSa] tSlsμçkjafHkd {ks=kksa }kjk] jkT;ksa ftyk lEesyuksa }kjk] osQUæh; lfefr;ksa }kjk vkSj dHkh&dHkh jkT;
dh nyh; lfefr }kjk çfrfufèk pqus tkrs gSaA çfrfufèk;ksa dh la[;k lkekU;r% 1]500 ls 3]000 osQ chp gksrh gSA
lEesyu esa çfrfufèk;ksa osQ vfrfjDr dqN oSdfYid çfrfufèk] (Atlernate Delegates) Hkh gksrs gSa tks fu;fer
çfrfufèk;ksa (Regular Delegates) dh vuqifLFkfr ernku esa Hkkx ysrs gSA lEesyu ,d gkWy esa gksrk gS ftlesa
çfrfufèk;ksa osQ vfrfjÙkQ jsfM;ks fjiksVZjksa] çsl laoknnkrkvksa vkSj Vhdkdkjksa dks Hkh vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA lEesyu
dk okrkoj.k cgqr gh mÙksftr jgrk gS] 'kksj&'kjkcs ls gkWy xw¡trk jgrk gS vkSj tks'kiw.kZ Hkk"k.k lquus dks feyrs
gSaA mEehnokjksa dk p;u ,sls dksykgiw.kZ okrkoj.k esa ugha gks ldrk gSA blfy, ny osQ çeq[k usrk ijLij lkSnsckth
djrs gSa vkSj jk"Vªifr vkSj mi&jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, ,sls mEehnokjksa dks pquus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa ftUgsa çfrfufèk;ksa
dk Li"V cgqer (Absolute majority) fey tk;A
vkSipkfjd :i ls çR;sd mEehnokj dk uke mlosQ fdlh leFkZd }kjk vkstLoh Hkk"k.k osQ lkFk çLrkfor fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj fdlh nwljs çfrfufèk }kjk ml uke dk leFkZu fd;k tkrk gSA mEehnokjksa dk uke çLrkfor gks tkus
osQ ckn ernku gksrk gSA mlh O;fÙkQ dks vUrr% ny dk mEehnokj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS ftls çfrfufèk;ksa dk Li"V
cgqer çkIr gksA ;fn fdlh mEehnokj dks Li"V cgqer çkIr u gks rks nqckjk ernku gksrk gS vkSj ftu mEehnokjksa
dks igys ernku esa FkksM+s er çkIr gq, Fks] mUgsa NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA bl çdkj rcrd ernku pyrk jgrk gS tcrd
fd fdlh mEehnokj dks Li"V cgqer çkIr u gks tk;A dbZ ckj ernku osQ vusd nkSj pyrs gSA mnkgj.kLo:i]
1880 esa fjifCydu ny osQ jk"Vªh; lEesyu esa xkjiQhYM osQ euksu;u gsrq 36 ckj ernku gqvk vkSj 1904 esa
MseksØsfVd ny osQ jk"Vªh; lEesyu esa tkWu MsfoM osQ euksu;u gsrq 103 ckj ernku djuk iM+kA
mi&jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, euksu;uμ mi&jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, mEehnokjksa dk euksu;u jk"Vªifr dh Hkk¡fr gh
gksrk gSA bl lEcUèk esa ;g ijEijk cu x;h gS fd jk"Vªifr vkSj mi&jk"Vªifr in osQ mEehnokj osQoy ,d jkT;
osQ ugha gksaxs cfYd ,d {ks=k osQ Hkh ugha gksaxsA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd ;fn jk"Vªifr in dk mEehnokj mÙkjh jkT;ksa
ls gS rks mijk"Vªifr in osQ fy, mEehnokj nf{k.kh jkT;ksa ls gksuk pkfg,A pw¡fd mi&jk"Vªifr osQ in dk egÙo
vejhdh jktuhfr esa ux.; gS] blfy, bl in osQ fy, çk;% dM+k la?k"kZ ugha gksrk gS vkSj 'kh?kz gh dksbZ mEehnokj
Li"V cgqer çkIr dj ysrk gSA
(ii) pquko vfHk;kuμ jk"Vªifr vkSj mi&jk"Vªifr osQ inksa osQ fy, euksu;u lekIr gksrs gh mEehnokj vius ny
dh ,d jk"Vªh; lfefr dk xBu djrk gSA ;g lfefr viuk ,d çèkku vkSj dks"kkè;{k pqurh gSA jkT;ksa] ftyksa rFkk
vU; LFkkuksa esa ny osQ dk;kZy; [kksys tkrs gSaA pquko&çpkj tksjksa ls 'kq: gksrk gSA yk[kksa MkWyj [kpZ fd, tkrs
gSaA ;|fi pquko vfHk;ku ij dkuwur% 30 yk[k MkWyj rd [kpZ fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijUrq mEehnokj bl lhek
ls cgqr vfèkd [kpZ djrs gSA 1960 osQ pquko esa lHkh mEehnokjksa us dqy feykdj yxHkx 2750 yk[k MkWyj [kpZ
fd;k] 1964 osQ pquko esa 360 yk[k MkWyj vkSj 1972 osQ pquko esa 400 yk[k MkWyj mEehnokjksa us O;; fd;sA
lkekpkj&i=kksa] jsfM;ks] Vsfyfotu ij mEehnokjksa osQ thou&pfj=k vkSj nyh; uhfr;ksa dk çdk'ku] lHkk,¡ O;fÙkQxr
lEidZ vkfn fofHkUu rjhosQ pquko&çpkj osQ dk;Z esa yk;s ykrs gSaA
(iii) fuokZpu&e.My dk pqukoμ vxyk dne fuokZpd&e.My dk turk }kjk pquko gSaA nksuksa nyksa }kjk
fuokZpd&e.My osQ fy, mEehnokj [kM+s fd;s tkrs gSa bu mEehnokjksa dks vius&vius nyksa osQ jk"Vªifr rFkk
mi&jk"Vªifr inksa osQ fy, mEehnokjksa dks er nsus dh çfrKk ysuh iM+rh gSA fuokZpdksa dk pquko ernkrkvksa }kjk
gksrk gSA çR;sd jkT; esa fuokZpd&e.My osQ lnL;ksa dk pquko lwph&ç.kkyh (list system) osQ vkèkkj ij gksrk gS
vFkkZr~ er fdlh mEehnokj osQ fy, ugha cfYd ny dh lwph osQ i{k esa Mkys tkrs gSaA ftl fnu ernku gksrk gS]
mlls ,d fnu igys jk"Vªifr in osQ mEehnokj vius dk;kZy; ls jsfM;ks ;k Vsyhfotu }kjk vfUre Hkk"k.k nsrs gSa
vkSj ernkrkvksa ls vius i{k esa er nsus osQ fy, vihy djrs gSaA fuokZpu&e.My osQ lnL;ksa dk pquko&O;fÙkQxr

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