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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV fu;U=k.k&funsZ'ku djrk Fkk vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd ukSlSfud ;kstukvksa] ;krk;kr] [kk| vkiwfrZ] jk"Vªh; foÙk vkfn ij Lo;a
fuxjkuh j[krk FkkA bl çdkj ;q¼ lapkyu dh 'kfDr muosQ gkFkksa esa osQfUær gks x;h FkhA ebZ] 1966 esa ukSlSfud
deZpkfj;ksa (Seaman) dh gM+rky osQ dkj.k çèkkuea=kh foYlu us ldaV&dky dh ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh ftlosQ vuqlkj
[kk|kUu osQ vk;kr&fu;kZr rFkk vfuok;Z lsokvksa esa ckèkk igq¡pkus okyksa dks ltk dk Hkkxh gksuk iM+kA

7-2 ;w-,l-,-] Úkal] jfl;k] phu dk jk"Vªifr vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M dh cgqy
dk;Zikfydk (The President of U.S.A., France, Russia, China and Plural
Executive of Switzerland)

vesfjdh jk"Vªifr (American President)

fiQykMsfYiQ;k lEesyu }kjk jk"Vªifr&in dk l`tuμ la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk esa vè;{kkRed i¼fr dh ljdkj
gSA 1787 esa fiQykMsfYiQ;k lEesyu (Philadelphia Convention) us i;kZIr okn&fookn osQ i'pkr~ bl i¼fr dks
viuk;k ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i lafoèkku esa jk"Vªifr in dk l`tu fd;k x;kA fiQykMsfYiQ;k lEesyu osQ çfrfufèk
,der Fks fd osQUæ esa ,d 'kfÙkQ'kkyh dk;Zikfydk dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk;_ D;ksafd jkT;e.My vuqPNsnks (Articales

of Confederation) esa ,d lqfuf'pr rFkk osQUæh; dk;Zikfydk osQ vHkko dk mUgsa dVq vuqHko gks pqdk FkkA fiQj
Hkh mUgsa è;ku j[kuk Fkk fd dk;Zikfydk mruh 'kfÙkQ'kkyh Hkh u gks tks fujadq'k cu tk;A vr% 'kfÙkQ'kkyh] ij
fu;fU=kr] dk;Zikfydk osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls vusd fodYi çLrqr fd;s x;s] tSlsμoa'kkuqxr jktk] turk }kjk fuokZfpr
çèkku] O;oLFkkfidk osQ çfr mÙkjnk;h dk;Zikfydk] ,dy ;k cgqy la?kh; dk;Zikfydk vkfnA vUr esa]
fiQykMsfYiQ;k lEesyu esa fuf'pr dk;kZofèk osQ fy, fuokZfpr ,dy dk;Zikfydk osQ i{k esa le>kSrk gqvkA vr%
lafoèkku esa ;g O;oLFkk dh x;h fd dk;Zikfydk 'kfÙkQ jk"Vªifr esa fufgr gksxh tks pkj o"kZ osQ fy, vçR;{k :i
ls fuokZfpr gksaA
jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpu (Election of the President)

(d) laoSèkkfud micUèk (Constitutional Provisions)
fiQykMsfYiQ;k lEesyu dk fu.kZ; μ fiQykMsfYiQ;k lEesyu esa jk"Vªifr dh fuokZpu i¼fr osQ ç'u ij
çfrfufèk;ksa esa i;kZIr erHksn FkkA eq[;r% nks lq>ko çLrqr fd;s x;sA çFke] dqN çfrfufèk;ksa us turk }kjk çR;{k
fuokZpu dk lq>ko j[kk ysfdu bls O;ogkjr% vlEHko le>k;kA bl i¼fr ls vO;oLFkk] gqYyM+ckth rFkk
jktuhfrd vla;e dk Hkh Hk; FkkA vr% bl lq>ko dks ugha ekuk x;kA f}rh;] jk"Vªifr dk dk¡xzsl }kjk fuokZpu
dk lq>ko çLrqr fd;k x;k ftls lEesyu dk i;kZIr leFkZu gqvk] ysfdu ;g i¼fr 'kfÙkQ;ksa osQ i`FkDdj.k osQ
fl¼kar dk mYya?ku djrh Fkh rFkk lafoèkku fuekZrk jk"Vªifr dks foèkku&ikfydk ls LorU=k fLFkfr nsuk pkgrs FksA
iQyr% ;g lq>ko Hkh vLohd`r gh jgkA vUr esa] nksuksa lq>koksa osQ chp dk jkLrk viuk;k x;kA ,d ,slh
fuokZpu&i¼fr dh [kkst dh x;h tks jk"Vªifr dks dk¡xzsl ls LorU=k fLFkfr çnku djrh rFkk vçR;{k :i ls turk
dks fuokZpu esa Hkh Hkkx ysus dk volj çnku djrhA
fuokZpu&e.My (Electoral College) μ lafoèkku osQ f}rh; vuqPNsn esa jk"Vªifr osQ fuokZpu fofèk (Procedure
of Election) dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpu ,d fuokZpd&e.My (Electoral College) }kjk gksrk
gSA fuokZpd&x.k jkT;ksa }kjk fu;qÙkQ lnL; (Electors) gksrs gSaA çR;sd jkT; ls fuokZpdksa dh la[;k dk¡xzsl osQ nksuksa
lnuksa esa jkT; osQ çfrfufèk;ksa osQ cjkcj gksrh gS] vFkkZr~ çR;sd jkT; ls fuokZpdksa dh la[;k dk¡xzsl osQ lnuksa esa feydj
çfrfufèk gksrs gSaA fuokZpdksa dh fu;qfÙkQ çR;sd jkT; osQ foèkkue.My }kjk fuèkkZfjr jhfr ls gksrh gSA yxHkx lkS o"kks±
ls çk;% lHkh jkT;ksa esa fuokZpdksa dk fuokZpu çR;{k :i ls turk }kjk O;Ld erkfèkdkj osQ vkèkkj ij gksrk gSA
bl çfØ;k dks mnkgj.k }kjk le>k;k tk ldrk gS] ;fn fdlh jkT; dh flusV esa nks lnL;ksa vkSj çfrfufèk lHkk
esa N% lnL; gksa rks fuokZpd&x.k esa ml le; ls vkB (nks&N%) lnL; gksaxsA fuokZpdksa dh la[;k U;w;kZd esa 45]

156 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY