Page 158 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

loZFkk Hkzeewyd gS_ D;ksafd og vius lg;ksfx;ksa dks fu;qÙkQ djrk rFkk inP;qr djrk gSA fofèk esa ugha] ysfdu uksV
O;ogkj esa og jkT; dk dk;Zdkjh çèkku gS] ftldh 'kfÙkQ;k¡ bruh O;kid gS ftruk fd fo'o esa fdlh Hkh laoSèkkfud
'kkld] ;gk¡ rd fd vesfjdu jk"Vªifr dks çkIr ugha¸ ekysZ dh miek ls mÙke lj fofy;e gkjdksVZ (Sir William
Harcourt) dk ySfVu okD;ka'k u{k=kksa osQ chp pUæek¸ gSA fdUrq ;g okD;ka'k Hkh çèkkueU=kh rFkk eaf=k;ksa osQ chp
lgh&lgh fLFkfr dk ewY;kadu djus esa vLi"V gSA MkWñ tsfuXl dk dguk gS fd ¶çèkkueU=kh osQoy leku Js.kh
okyksa esa çFke gh ugha gS vkSj u osQoy gkjdkVZ osQ 'kCnksa esa ^flrkjksa osQ chp pUæek gh gSA og lw;Z osQ leku gS
ftlosQ pkjksa vksj xzg ?kwers gSaA¸ tsfuaXl dk dFku cgqr lgh gS okLro esa çèkkuea=kh lw;Z gS ftlosQ pkjks vkSj ea=kh:ih
mixzg pDdj dkVrs gSA
ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha fd çèkkuea=kh rkuk'kkg gks ldrk gSA ;|fi og eaf=k;ksa dks fu;qÙkQ djrk rFkk 'kklu
esa LFkku nsrk gS] fiQj Hkh mlosQ çfr ugha] os laln osQ çfr mÙkjnk;h gSA mlosQ lkFk vfèkuk;d dh rjg O;ogkj ugha
dj ldrk gS] cfYd og mUgsa vius lkFk ysdj pyrk gSA çèkkuea=kh mlosQ fopkjksa dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrk vkSj
u mlls Lokeh dh rjg ckrphr dj ldrk gSA iQkbuj dk dguk gS fd ¶;g ekuuk gh iM+sxk fd çèkkueU=kh dksbZ
lhtj ugha gS vkSj u mldk lkFkh ,slk gS ftls pqukSrh ugha nh tk losQA mldk fopkj Hkh vuqYy?kuh; gSA mldh lÙkk
dk ,d ek=k vkèkkj ;g gS fd og jk"Vª dh fdruh lsok dj ldrk gSA fdlh Hkh le; mldk çfr}U}h mldk LFkku
xzg.k dj ldrk gSA¸ mldh çfr"Bk dk vkèkkj mlosQ ny dk leFkZu gSA ykWLdh us Bhd gh dgk gS fd ¶ny laxBu
osQ çlax esa mldh 'kfÙkQ mlosQ çHkko ij vkèkkfjr gSA lkjka'k esa] çèkkuea=kh fdlh lg;ksxh dks foo'k dj ugha cfYd
le>k&cq>kdj vius fopkjksa dks euok ldrk gSA mldh 'kfÙkQ vuq'kklfud (disciplined) osQ lkFk&lkFk uSfrd
(ethical) Hkh gSA vr% mls lg;ksfx;ksa osQ çfr èk`"V] dBksj] vdq'ky rFkk vU;k;iw.kZ ugha gksuk pkfg, vU;Fkk ny dh
,drk dks èkDdk igq¡psxk vkSj iQyLo:i mldk Hkfo"; Hkh vUèkdkje; gks tk;sxkA

(ii) ny dk usrk % 'kklu dk çèkku gksus osQ vfrfjÙkQ çèkkuea=kh cgqer ny dk usrk (Party Leader) gksrk gSA
ns'k esa mldh loksZPp 'kfÙkQ dk cM+k jkt gS fd og fot;h ny dk usrk gksrk gSA ny usrk gksus osQ ukrs gh og
'kklu dk çèkku gks ikrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa mldk O;fÙkQRo lkoZtfud :i ys ysrk gSA jsfM;ks] dkVwZu] çsl vkfn
}kjk turk osQ le{k mlosQ fo:¼ m¡xyh mBkuk ny osQ lkFk fo'okl?kkr ekuk tkrk gSA og ny dh ,drk dk
çeq[k LrEHk gSA çèkkuea=kh osQ Hkfo"; osQ lkFk ny dk Hkfo"; c¡èkk jgrk gSA vke pquko (General Election) mlh
osQ O;fÙkQRo dks osQUæ cukdj yM+k tkrk gSA blfy, ;g dguk Bhd gh gS fd vke pquko gh çèkkueaf=k;ksa osQ chp
tuer laxzg (Plebiscite) gSA XySMLVksu us 1857 bZ- osQ vke fuokZpu osQ Åij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ;g
1874 bZñ osQ tSlk vke fuokZpu ugha gS] tcfd fiV us ns'kkas ls vihy dh Fkh D;k Økmu dks vYier okys 'kklu
dk nkl jguk pkfg,\ ;g fuokZpu 1831 bZ- osQ fuokZpu dh rjg ugha gS tcfd lqèkkjksa osQ Åij tuer ek¡xk Fkk]
u ;g fuokZpu 1882 bZñ tSlk gS tcfd fuokZpu&O;kikj laj{k.k osQ vkèkkj ij yM+k x;k FkkA ns'k dks bl (1857
bZ-) vke pquko esa uhfr osQ ckjs esa r; djuk ugha Fkk] cfYd osQoy ;g r; djuk Fkk fd ns'k ikeLVZu dks çèkkuea=kh
pqusxk ;k ughaA 1880 bZñ osQ vke pquko esa ;g r; djuk ugha Fkk] cfYd osQoy ;g r; djuk Fkk fd ns'k ikeLVZu
dks çèkkuea=kh pqusxk ;k ughaA 1880 bZñ osQ vke pquko esa ;g r; djuk Fkk fd ns'k ykMZ csdUliQhYM dks çèkkuea=kh
cukuk pkgrk Fkk ;k XySMLVksu dksaA 1945 bZñ osQ vke pquko esa vuqnkj ny us ugha cfYd pfpZy us O;fÙkQxr :i
esa ns'k ls vihy dhA çR;sd gky esa çèkkueU=kh dh rLohj Vk¡x nh xbZ Fkh ftlosQ uhps ;s 'kCn fy[ks Fks ¶ bldks
;q¼ dk vèkwjk dke djus nksa vksj mlosQ uhps NksVs v{kjksa esa fuEufyf[kr vlaxr 'kCn tqM+s gq, Fks ¶;q¼tU; {kfr
dks oksV nksA¸ vuqnkj ny us pquko ?kks"k.kk&i=k Hkh çdkf'kr ugha djk;k] fdUrq pfpZy us viuk pquko ?kks"k.èkk&i=k
çdkf'kr djk;k] tks ¶eSa¸ 'kCn ls çkjEHk gksrk FkkA fuokZpu dk ukjk Fkk_ ¶pfpZy ;k ykWLdh¸ ftlesa ykWLdh dks
fo'ks"k :i ls 'kSrku crk;k x;k FkkA 1983 osQ ,sfrgkfld vke pquko dk eq[; eqík ¶Fkspjokn cuke lektokn¸
(Thateherism vs. Socialism) FkkA vuqnkj ny dh çR;kf'kr thr dk eq[; dkj.k FkSpj dk ¶ykSg efgyk¸ (Iron
Lady) dk O;fÙkQRo vkSj ¶fczfV'k lqj{kk osQ [krjs dk lkeuk djus dh bPNk vkSj rkdr (the will and the capacity

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