Page 166 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ7% laoSèkkfud lajpukμdk;Zikfydk

vkSj foYlu jk"Vªifr pqus x;s] D;ksafd fuokZpdksa dk cgqer mUgas çkIr Fkk] ysfdu ns'k esa turk dk cgqer ughaA uksV
bl çdkj 1876 bZñ esa gst (Hayse) dks fVyMu (Tilden) ls djhc 3 yk[k er de feyk Fkk] fiQj Hkh og fuokZfpr
?kksf"kr gqvkA bl çdkj dHkh&dHkh vYier jk"Vªifr (Monority President) fuokZfpr gks tkrs gS ysfdu
lkSHkkX;o'k ,slk de gksrk gSA
(ii) mEehnokj dh vihyh; 'kfÙkQ ij tksjμ jk"Vªh; lEesyu (National Convention) dh i¼fr us fuokZpu
dks nks"kiw.kZ cuk;k gSA blosQ pyrs jk"Vªifr osQ fuokZpu ij tu&lewg dk çHkko vR;fèkd c<+ x;k gSA vr% jk"Vªifr
osQ euksu;u osQ fy, vH;FkhZ dh ;ksX;rk ij de è;ku fn;k tkrk gS_ cfYd ,sls O;fÙkQ dks mEehnokj pquk tkrk
gS tks vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa dks vihy dj losQA tSls] èkeZ&fojksèkh] mxzoknh] vUrjkZ"Vªh; {ks=k esa vuqnkj rFkk
jkseu dSFkksfyd gksA

(iii) fof'k"V O;fÙkQ;ksa dk fuokZpu ughaμ ;g dgk tkrk gS fd jk"Vªh; lEesyuksa osQ dkj.k gh çfrHkk'kkyh O;fÙkQ
jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, [kM+s ugh gks ldrs gSaA equjks us dgk Hkh gS fd la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk cgqr ls O;fDr;ksa dks
jk"Vªifr in ij lq'kksfHkr ugha dj ldk tks lpeqp fof'k"V jktuhfrK Fks] tSlsμgsfeYVu] ek'kZy] csClVj] dSyVu]
gs:V vkfnA ykWMZ czkbl us Hkh ,d ç'u fd;k gS] ¶egku O;fDr jk"Vªifr D;ksa ugha pqus tkrs gSa\¸ bldk eq[;
dkj.k ;g gS fd jk"Vªh; lEesyu osQ çfrfufèk vlaxr] vlS¼kafrd rFkk LokFkZiw.kZ gksrs gSa ftuosQ ifj.kkeLo:i
le>kSrk }kjk gh fdlh mEehnokj dks pquk tkrk gS_ mlosQ xq.kksa ij de è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA blosQ vfrfjÙkQ çfrfufèk
LorU=k ugha gksrs] muosQ fopkj fofoèk çHkkoksa osQ ifj.kke gS] muij vusdkusd çR;{k rFkk vçR;{k çHkko iM+rs
gSa] tSlsμ èkuifr;ksa] fofHkUu jkT;ksa osQ çfrfufèk&e.My osQ chp ysu&nsu] çsl }kjk çpkj rFkk xyr&lgh viQokgksa
osQ çHkkoA ysfdu bl vkykspuk dk ;g vFkZ ugha fd jk"Vªifr in ij dHkh fof'k"V O;fDr vklhu gh u gks losQ
okf'kaxVu] esfMlu] tsiQlZu] fyadu] foYlu] nksuksa :tosYV vkfn fof'k"V O;fÙkQRo osQ mnkgj.k gSaA ;fn dksbZ fof'k"V
O;fÙkQ ijkftr Hkh gqvk gS rks fdlh&fdlh dkj.k ls ghA

(iv) çR;k'kh dks 'kklu dk iwoZ vuqHko ughaμ ykLdh osQ oDrO; ls vejhdh jk"Vªifr dh fuokZpu&i¼fr
nks"kiw.kZ nh[k iM+rh gSA mldk dguk gS fd vejhdh jk"Vªifr dks 'kklu dk iw.kZ vuqHko fojys gh jgrk gS tcfd
fczfV'k çèkkuea=kh bl in ij vklhu gksus osQ igys i;kZIr vuqHko çkIr dj pqdk jgrk gS] og 'kklu osQ NksVs&eksVs
inksa ij jg pqdk jgrk gSA vesfjdk esa 'kklu dk vuqHko] dk¡xzsl rFkk efU=ke.Myksa dh lnL;rk vkfn jk"Vªifr
osQ fy, fo'ks"k xq.k ugha le>k tkrk gSA tSlk fd ykLdh us dgk gS ¶ogk¡ odhy] lSfud] fdjk;s ls vk; çkIr
djusokyk O;fDr] jktuhfrK ;k jktuhfr ls thfodk pykusokyk O;fDrμ bUgha oxks± ls çR;k'kh fuokZfpr gksrs gSaA¸
izQkalhlh jk"Vªifr (French President)

prqFkZ x.krU=k dk lafoèkku fczfV'k lafoèkku dh rjg iw.kZr% lalnkRed (Parliamentary) FkkA okLrfod 'kklu&'kfDr
eaf=kifj"kn~ osQ gkFk esa FkhA jk"Vªifr uke&ek=k dk ;k laoSèkkfud (Nominal or constitutional ) dk;Zikfydk&izèkku
FkkA og 'kfDrghu FkkA vCcs ykWrs us bl in dk ,dek=k xq.k uiqaldrk cryk;k gS a ysfdu iape x.krU=k eas jk"Vªifr
dh fLFkfr esa Økafrdkjh ifjorZu gqvk gS blesa jk"Vªifr dh 'kfDr esa vikj o`f¼ gqbZ rFkk eaf=kifj"kn~ ,o laln dh
'kfDr;ksa es ßklA izQkal osQ ,d HkwriwoZ izèkkueU=kh es.Mht osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªifr ,d voa'kkuqxr jktk cuk;k x;k
gS vkSj ,slh 'kfDr;k¡ iznku dh x;h gS ftuesa og vius dks ,d oSèkkfud vf/uk;d cuk ldrk gSA eklsZy IystkW
osQ 'kCnksa] ¶jk"Vªifr osQ ifjofrZr ijekfèkdkfj;ksa dks ns[kdj jktk dks jk"Vªifr dh vlq[kdj Le`fr;k¡ tkx mBrh gSaA¸
rkRi;Z ;g gS fd iape x.krU=k esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu dk lcls cM+k 'kfDr'kkyh rFkk osQUæh; vax cu x;k gSA
jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpu (Election of the President): vgZrk,¡% 1946 bZ0 osQ lafoèkku es jk"Vªifr&in osQ fy, vgZrkvksa
(Qualifications) dk mYys[k ugha Fkk A flIkQZ bruk dgk x;k Fkk fd izQkal osQ fdlh HkwriwoZ jktoa'k dk oa'kt bl
in osQ fy, mEehnokj ugha gks ldrk FkkA bl miCkUèk dk mís'; jktrU=k dh iqu% LFkkiuk dks jksduk FkkA vr% jkto'k
osQ O;fÙkQ;ksa dks NksM+dj 18 o"kZ ls vfèkd mez okyk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr bl in osQ fy, [kM+k gks ldrk FkkA izk;%
eè;e ;ksX;rk osQ O;fDr jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gksrs Fks] D;ksafd okLrfod 'kfDr osQ vHkko esa izHkko'kkyh O;fDr bl

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