Page 181 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV rjg ;gka ,d 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vªifr (President) dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS] vkSj lalnh; iz.kkyh dh rjg
;gka ,d 'kfDr'kkyh laln (Parliament) dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS ftls la?kh; lHkk (Fedreal
Assembly) dgk tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr jkT; dk vè;{k (Head of state ) gS tks lhèks tulkèkkj.k osQ }kjk
pkj o"kZ osQ fy, pquk tkrk gS_ mls yxkrkj nks ckj ls vkxs ugha pquk tk ldrkA og lafoèkku dk
laj{kd gS] vkSj l'kL=k lsukvksa dk lokZsPp lsukifr (Supreme commander of the Armed Forces)
Hkh gSA

z jk"Vªifr ,d varjax eaf=keaMy (Kitchen Cabinet) dh lykg ls dk;Z djrk gS ftlesa mlosQ fo'oLr
fe=k vkSj mPpkfèkdkjh lfEefyr gksrs gSA
z jk"Vªifr vkKkfIr;ka (Decrees) tkjh dj ldrk gS tks dkuwu dh rjg ekU; gksrh gSA ijarq ;s vkKfIr;ka
izpfyr dkuwu osQ fo#¼ ugha gksuh pkfg,A fiQj laln bUgsa fujLr Hkh dj ldrh gSA nwljh vksj jk"Vªifr
Hkh laln&}kjk& ikfjr foèks;d (Bill) dks dkuwu cuus ls jksd ldrk gS A
z ns'k dh j{kk (Defence) dk nkf;Ro l¡Hkkyus osQ fy, jk"Vªifr lqj{kk ifj"kn~ (Security Council) fu;qDr
djrk gS ftldk vè;{k og Lo;a gksrk gSA og oasQnzh; cSad (Central Bank) osQ vè;{k (Chairper-
son), egk&vfHk;kstd (prosecutor General) rFkk U;k;ikfydk (Judiciary) osQ izeq[k lnL;ksa dh
fu;qfDr dk izLrko laln osQ ikl Hkstrk gSA tuojh] 1994 osQ ckn laj{k.k&lsok,a] x`g&ea=kky;] j{kk
ea=kky; vkSj fons'k ea=kky; lhèkss jk"Vªifr osQ vèkhu dj fn, x, gSaA jk"Vªifr&in dk mEehnokj
de&ls&de nl yk[k ernkrkvksas osQ }kjk euksuhr gksuk pkfg,_ blesa fdlh ,d vaPky (Region)
;k x.kjkT; (Republic) osQ ernkrkvksa dh la[;k dqy la[;k dh 7% ls T;knk ugha gksuh pkfg,A
z tuoknh phu dk lafoèkku vkaf'kd :i ls lalnh; iz.kkyh dks viukrk gSA Hkkjr dh Hkk¡fr x.kra=k dk
vè;{k gksrk gS tks 'kklu osQ vè;{k ;kuh izèkkuea=kh ls vyx gksrk gSA 1954 osQ lafoèkku esa vè;{k
in dh O;oLFkk dh x;hA ekvksa &Rls rqax x.kra=k osQ vè;{k osQ lkFk&lkFk ny osQ egklfpo Hkh jgs
ftl dkj.k os ns'k osQ loZ'kfDr'kkyh inkfèkdkjh cus jgsA ysfdu fym&'kkvksa&ph dh ;g fLFkkfr ugha
FkhA 1975 osQ lafoèkku esa bl in dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k vkSj LFkk;h lfefr rFkk mlosQ vè;{k
dks x.kra=k osQ vè;{k dh 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj dk;Z lkSai fn;s x;sA
z phuh x.kjkT; osQ vè;{k dk pquko jk"Vªh; dk¡xzsl osQ lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA 1954 osQ lafoèkku
}kjk mldk dk;Zdky 4 o"kZ fuèkkZfjr fd;k Fkk_ 1982 osQ lafoèkku }kjk dk;Zdky 5 lky dk dj fn;k
x;k gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] ftls jktuhfrd vfèkdkj izkIr gksa vkSj mldh vk;q 45 o"kZ gks] vè;{k in
pquk tk ldrk gSA oLrqr% ny osQ ofj"B vkSj izfrf"Br usrk gh bl in osQ fy, pqus tkrs gSa tSls
ekvks&Rlsrqax] fyÅ&'kkvks&ph vkSj yh thvkfu;uA

7-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

dk;Zikfydk % blesa lfEefyr gSμ jkT; osQ çèkku] çèkkuea=kh] eaf=keaMy] foHkkxksa osQ çèkku vkfnA

Økmu % ftls lezkV jkT;in osQ fpÞu Lo:i igurk gSA vFkkZr~ rkt vFkok eqdqVA

7-5 vH;kl&ç'u (Review Questions)

1- lezkV vkSj Økmu esa D;k varj gS\ fczVsu esa Økmu osQ cus jgus osQ D;k vkSfpR; gSaA

2- vesfjdu jk"Vªifr osQ pquko ,oa 'kfDr;ksa dh foospuk dhft,
3- fczfV'k çèkkuea=kh vkSj vesfjdh jk"Vªifr dh rqyukRed O;k[;k dhft,A

176 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY