Page 186 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

vkj-lh- eSfØMhl us foi{k dh ikap fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k gS %& (d) foi{k laxfBr gksrk gS vkSj uksV
vius pqus x, fo"k;ksa ij ljdkj osQ lkeus la;qDr pqukSrh j[krk gS_ ([k) og fpjLFkk;h gksrk gS_ (x) og laiw.kZ
ns'k esa fojksèkh ny osQ fu"Bkoku lnL;ksa dks usr`Ro çnku djrk gS_ (?k) og ljdkj dk fodYi (Alternative)
çLrqr djrk gSA ;fn ljdkj fxj tk, rks foi{k lÙkk l¡Hkkyus osQ fy, rS;kj jgrk gSA vr% og ljdkj dh fuank
djrs le; ;k viuh vksj ls dksbZ vk'oklu nsrs le; la;r O;ogkj djrk gS] vkSj (M+) og 'kklu osQ dk;Z esa
lg;ksx djrk gS rFkk lnu dk dk;ZØe fuèkkZfjr djrs le; og ljdkj osQ lkFk feydj dke djrk gSA
foi{k dk eq[; dk;Z laln esa jk"Vª&fgr vkSj tuer dh n`f"V ls ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dh vkykspuk
djuk gSA foi{k dh la;r vkSj jpukRed vkykspuk ljdkj osQ fy, vR;ar eqYoku fl¼ gksrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS
fd fczVsu esa foi{k dks ^egkxfjeke;h dk fu"Bkoku foi{k* (Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition) dgk tkrk gSA
fczfV'k laln esa foi{k osQ usrk dks ckdk;knk osru fn;k tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g ekudj pyrs gSa fd lnu esa mldk
dk;Z lÙkk:<+ ljdkj osQ fdlh lnL; ls de egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSA foi{k osQ ofj"B usrkvksa dk lewg vius&vkidks
Nk;k&eaf=keaMy (Shadow Cabinet) osQ :i esa laxfBr dj ysrk gSA blosQ lnL; fof'k"V fo"k;ksa ijμtSls fd
foÙk] fons'kh ekeyksa] çfrj{kk] bR;kfn osQ lanHkZ esa vius ny osQ çoDrk dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA lnu esa ljdkj dh
gkj gks tkus ij bl Nk;k&eaf=keaMy dks ljdkj cukus dk volj fn;k tkrk gSA
ykMZ lHkk (House of Lords): baXySaM esa ,dkRed 'kklu ç.kkyh (Unitary Government) çpfyr gS ftlesa
lkèkkj.kr% nwljs lnu (Second Chamber) dh t:jr ugha gksrhA ijarq ogka ,sfrgkfld dkj.kksa ls ykMZ lHkk osQ
:i esa nwljk lnu pyk vk jgk gS vkSj og vkt Hkh cuk gqvk gSA blesa tulkèkkj.k osQ fuokZfpr çfrfufèk ugha
gksrs] cfYd ns'k osQ dqN ,sls x.k;ekU; yksx gksrs gSa ftUgsa ;k rks oa'kijaijk (Heredity) ls ykMZ dh inoh feyh
gqbZ gS] ;k os iqjksfgroxZ (Clergy) osQ mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa osQ ukrs ykMZ lHkk osQ lnL; ekus tkrs gSa] ;k fiQj mUgsa fo'ks"k
;ksX;rkvksa] ns'k&lsok] bR;kfn osQ vkèkkj ij thou Hkj osQ fy, ykMZ osQ :i esa euksuhr dj fn;k tkrk gSA vDVwcj]
1999 osQ ckn oa'kijaijkxr ykMks± dks ykMZ lHkk esa cSBus dk vfèkdkj ugha jgk gSA
ykMZ lHkk esa lnL;ksa dh la[;k fu;r ugha gSA budh orZeku la[;k 747 gS tks fdlh dkWeUl lHkk osQ lnL;ksa ls
T;knk gSA ykMZ lHkk osQ lfØ; lnL;ksa dh la[;k 400 ls Hkh de gSA bl lHkk osQ lnL;ksa osQ uke ls igys lEekuiwoZd
^ykMZ* 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS_ fL=k;ksa osQ fy, bldh txg ^ysMh* 'kCn dk ç;ksx çpfyr gSA oLrqr% cgqr
de ykMZ bl lHkk esa dksbZ lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA buesa 9 fofèk&ykMZ (Law Lords) Hkh lfEefyr gSa ftudh
Hkwfedk lcls egÙoiw.kZ gSa U;kf;d fo'ks"kK gksus osQ dkj.k bUgsa vkthou fu;qfDr çnku dh tkrh gSA ykMZ lHkk osQ
vè;{k dks ykMZ pkalyj (Lord Chancellor) dgk tkrk gSA
fofèk&fuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa ykMZ dh 'kfDr;ka cgqr lhfer gSaA ijarq bl lHkk esa foèks;dksa (Bills) ij mPp Lrj dk
fopkj&foe'kZ gksrk gSA blls dbZ ckj ,slh egÙoiw.kZ ckrsa çdk'k esa vk tkrh gSa tks dkWeUl lHkk lnL;ksa osQ è;ku
ls NwV ldrh FkhaA blosQ vykok] jktuhfrd nckoksa (Political Pressure) ls eqDr jgus osQ dkj.k ykMZ lHkk vR;ar
egÙoiw.kZ eqn~nks ij rVLFk Hkko ls fopkj dj ldrh gSA
vkj-lh- eSfØMhl osQ vuqlkj] ykMZ lHkk dh lcls eq[; 'kfDr U;kf;d 'kfDr (Judicial Power) gSA ;g baXySaM
dk loksZPp U;k;kfèkdj.k (Highest Tribunal) vkSj vafre vihy&U;k;ky; (Final Court of Appeal) gSA ,d
çFkk osQ vuqlkj] tc ykMZ lHkk mPp U;k;ky; (Hight Court) osQ :i esa dk;Z djrh gS] rc mlesa ykMZ pklayj
osQ vykok osQoy fofèk&ykMZ mifLFkr gksrs gSaA
ykMZ lHkk osQ lnL; jktuhfr esa Hkkx ugha ys ldrsA ijarq ykMZ pkalyj eaf=keaMy dk lnL; gksrk gS] vkSj (dkWeUl
lHkk osQ vè;{k osQ foijhr) og ykMZ lHkk osQ okn&fookn esa lfØ; Hkkx ysrk gSA 1963 osQ ,d vfèkfu;e osQ varxZr
dksbZ ykMZ viuh inoh dk R;kx djosQ jktuhfr osQ eSnku esa mrj ldrk gS] vkSj jktuhfrd in dk mEehnokj
gks ldrk gSA

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