Page 187 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV ykMZ lHkk dks dk;e j[kus osQ fo#¼ eq[; rdZ %& ;g xSj&yksdra=kh; lnu gS_ ;g èkfud oxZ vkSj :f<+oknh
fopkjkèkkjk (Conservative Ideology) dk x<+ gSA ijarq ;g fl¼ djuk dfBu gS fd ykMZ lHkk osQ vfLrRo osQ
dkj.k fczfV'k jktuhfr esa èkfud oxZ osQ fgrksa dks çèkkurk nh tkrh gSA oLrqr% ykMZ lHkk dh 'kfDr;ka bruh lhfer
gSa fd og loZlkèkkj.k dh bPNk dks dk;kZfUor djus esa dksbZ fo'ks"k ckèkk mifLFkr ugha djrhA pwafd ykMZ lHkk dHkh
Hkax ugha gksrh] blfy, jkteqdqV dh rjg ;g Hkh 'kklu dh fujarjrk dk lkèku cuh gqbZ gSA fiQj] ykMZ lHkk esa
fopkj&foe'kZ esa bruk mPp dksfV dk gksrk gS fd og ns'k osQ 'kklu dks pykus esa egÙoiw.kZ fl¼ gksrk gSA jk"Vªh;
egÙo osQ fo"k;ksa ij tks çoj lfefr;ka (Select Committees) cukbZ tkrh gSa] muosQ dk;Z esa ykMZ lHkk osQ lnL;
fo'ks"k ;ksx nsrs gSaA varr%] ;g ns'k osQ çfrHkk'kkyh yksxksa dks lEeku vkSj ekU;rk çnku djus dk mi;qDr lkèku
Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA ;g ns'k dks mudh ;ksX;rk ls ykHk mBkus dk volj çnku djrh gSA

çèkkuea=kh vkSj eaf=keaMy (Prime Minister and The Cabinet): çèkkuea=kh vkSj mldk eaf=keaMy fczVsu dh
;FkkFkZ dk;Zikfydk (Real Executive) gSA çèkkuea=kh dks 'kklu dk vè;{k (Head of Government) ekuk tkrk
gSA lalnh; çFkk osQ vuqlkj] vke pquko (general Election) osQ ckn tc ubZ laln vFkkZr~ ubZ dkWeUl lHkk dk
xBu gksrk gS] rc egkjkuh bl lnu esa cgqer (Mjority) osQ usrk dks çèkkuea=kh dk in l¡Hkkyus osQ fy, vkeaf=kr
djrh gS blosQ ckn çèkkuea=kh viuh ljdkj osQ vU; eaf=k;ksa osQ uke egkjkuh osQ vkSipkfjd vuqeksnu osQ fy,
Hkstrk gSA tc vusd nyksa dh feyh&tqyh ljdkj (Coalition government) cukbZ tkrh gS] rc laln esa bu nyksa
osQ lewg osQ loZlEer usrk dks çèkkuea=kh cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj vU; ea=kh çèkkuea=kh dh lykg ij bu nyksa osQ
laln&lnL;ksa esa ls fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA bu eaf=k;ksa dk ,d NksVk&lk&lewg& ftlesa çèkkuea=kh lesr 16 ls 25
rd ea=kh jgrs gSaμ ,d varjax (Inner)] uhfr&fuekZ.k eaMyh (Policy-making Body) osQ :i esa fu;qDr fd;k
tkrk gS_ bUgsa 'kklu osQ lcls egÙoiw.kZ foHkkx lkSais tkrs gSaA bu eaf=k;ksa osQ lewg dks ^eaf=keaMy* dgk tkrk gSA
ns[kk tk, rks eaf=keaMy ljdkj osQ <kaps dh vkèkkj&f'kyk gSA

çèkkuea=kh (Prime Minister): eaf=keaMy dk çR;sd ea=kh vius&vius foHkkx ;k foHkkxksa osQ ç'kklu osQ fy,
mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSaA çèkkuea=kh bl eaf=keaMy dk vè;{k gksrk gSA og dqN foHkkx vius gkFk esa Hkh j[k ldrk gSA
fl¼karr% eaf=keaMy osQ lc lnL; led{k ;k cjkcj gksrs gSa] ijarq O;kogkj osQ èkjkry ij çèkkuea=kh dk egÙo
lcls c<+dj gSA blfy, mls ^led{k* yksxks esa çFke (First Among Equals) dgk tkrk gSA
ns'k dh jktuhfr esa çèkkuea=kh dh fLFkfr dbZ rjg ls cstksM+ gSA og laiw.kZ jk"Vª dk çfrfufèk vkSj usrk gksrk gSA og
tc fdlh tu&lHkk esa ;k tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa (Mass Media) ij jk"Vª dks lacskfèkr djrk gS rks mldh ckr lc txg
cM+s è;ku ls lquh tkrh gSA og vius ny dk egÙoiw.kZ usrk Hkh gksrk gSA mlosQ eq[;ky;] {ks=kh; dk;kZy;ksa vkSj fuokZpu
{ks=kksa osQ O;kolkf;d jktuhfrK (Professional Politicians) rFkk LFkkuh; Lrj osQ lfØ; dk;ZdrkZ (activists) mldh
lsok dks rRij jgrs gSaA og pquko dh frfFk fuèkkZfjr djrk gS_ pquko&?kks"k.kki=k (Election Manifeto) osQ eqnn~s vkSj
pquko&vfHk;ku (Election Campaign) osQ rkSj&rjhosQ fuèkkZfjr djus esa fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSaA fiQj] lalnh; ny
osQ usrk osQ ukrs og ny osQ fHkUu&fHkUu xqVksa (Factions) osQ chp lkeatL; LFkkfir djrk gSA

oLrqr% çèkkuea=kh gh eaf=keaMy cukrk vkSj rksM+rk gSA og viuh ilan osQ laln&lnL;ksa dks eaf=keaMy esa j[k ldrk
gS gkykafd mls fofHkUu jktuhfrd fgrksa vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu lewgksa esa usr`Ro osQ nkosnkjksa dks blesa mfpr çfrfufèkRo
nsuk iM+rk gSaA fdlh ea=kh ls larq"V u gksus ij og mldk R;kxi=k ekax ldrk gSA
og eaf=keaMy dh cSaBdksa dh vè;{krk djrk gS] vkSj mldh dk;Zlwph fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA bu cSBdksa esa çèkkuea=kh
osQ n`f"Vdks.k dks fo'ks"k egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA ogh eaf=keaMy osQ fu.kZ;ksa dks mi;qDr Hkk"kk vkSj vfHkO;fDr çnku
djrk gSaA og fofHkUu eaf=keaMyh; lfefr;ksa (Cabinet Committes) osQ lnL; euksuhfr djrk gS] vkSj ,slh
egÙoiw.kZ lfefr;ksa osQ la;kstu (Convener) dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA O;kogkjr% eaf=keaMy lfpoky; (Cabinet

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