Page 190 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ8% laoSèkkfud lajpukμO;oLFkkfidk

dkaxzsl dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; (Powers and Functions of the Congress): vesfjdk esa la?kh; ç.kkyh vkSj uksV
fyf[kr lafoèkku viuk;k x;k gSA blosQ varxZr fofèk&fuekZ.k osQ fo"k;ksa dh nks lwfp;ka (Lists) cukbZ xbZ gSa %
la?kh; fo"k; (Federal Subject) vkSj jkT; fo"k; (State Subjects)A tks fo"k; buesa ls fdlh lwph osQ fopkj{ks=k
esa ugha vkrs] mUgsa vof'k"V fo"k; (Residual Subjects) dgk tkrk gSA bu fo"k;ksa ij dkuwu cukus dh 'kfDr;ka
jkT;ksa osQ ikl jgrh gSaA bl n`f"V ls vejhdh la?k&O;oLFkk Hkkjrh; la?k&O;oLFkk ls fHkUu gS] D;ksafd Hkkjr esa
vof'k"V fo"k; la?k ljdkj osQ vfèkdkj&{ks=k esa vkrs gSaA nwljs] Hkkjr esa ,d leorhZ lwph (Concurent List)

dh O;oLFkk Hkh dh xbZ gSaA vejhdh dkaxzsl dks osQoy la?kh; fo"k;ksa ij dkuwu cukus dk iwjk vfèkdkj gSA
fufgr 'kfDr;kssa osQ fl¼kar (Doctrine of Implied Powers) blosQ varxZr dkaxzsl rFkk jk"Vªifr us dbZ ,slh
'kfDr;ka çkIr dj yh gS tks Lo;a lafoèkku osQ varxZr mUgsa O;fDr :i ls ugha lkSaih xbZ FkhA mnkgj.k osQ fy, lafoèkku
osQ varxZr dkaxzsl dks eqæk Nkius] dj yxkus] ½.k ysus vkSj [kpZ djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gSA blosQ vkèkkj
ij mls ,d ^fufgr 'kfDr* :i esa ^jk"Vªh; cSad* (National bank) dh LFkkiuk dk vfèkdkj fey x;k gSA la;qDr
jkT; vejhdk dk loksZPp U;k;ky; 'kklu osQ fofHkUu vaxksa dh ^fufgr 'kfDr;ksa* dks ekU;rk nsrk gS vkSj ogh budh
lhek,¡ Hkh fuèkkZfjr djrk gSa

foÙk foèks;d (Finance Bill) ;g osQoy çfrfufèk lHkk ls gh 'kq: fd, tk ldrs gSaA ijarq muosQ fy, lhusV dk
vuqeksnu t:jh gksrk gSA bl n`f"V ls] foèkkueaMy osQ nwljs lnu osQ :i esa lhusV dh 'kfDr cstksM+ gSA ;gh dkj.k
gS fd vejhdh lhusV dks fo'o dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh nwljk lnu (Most Powerful Second chamber of
the World) dgk tkrk gSA

vU; foèks;d fdlh Hkh lnu ls vkjaHk fd, tk ldrs gSA dksbZ Hkh foèks;d nksuksa lnuksa esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn jk"Vªifr
dh lekuqefr (Presidential Assent) osQ fy, Hkstk tkrk gSA lkèkkj.kr% jk"Vªifr ml ij gLrk{kj djosQ nl
dk;Z&fnolksa osQ Hkhrj ykSVk nsrk gSa ;g lekuqefr fey tkus osQ ckn og dkuwu cu tkrk gSA

;fn jk"Vªifr vius fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Veto) dk ç;ksx djosQ fdlh foèks;d dks viuh vkifÙk;ksa osQ lkFk mls 'kq:
djus okys lnu osQ ikl okil Hkst ns rks dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnu nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls mls nqckjk ikfjr djosQ bl
fu"ksèkkfèkdkj dks fu"iQy dj ldrs gSaA

dkaxzsl dks lafoèkku osQ la'kksèku dk iw.kZ vfèkdkj gSA blosQ fy, çR;sd lnu dk nks&frgkbZ cgqer visf{kr gSA ijarq
dkaxzsl esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn blosQ fy, de&ls&de rhu&pkSFkkbZ jkT;ksa osQ foèkkueaMyksa dk vuqleFkZu
(Ratification) t:jh gSA

loksZPp U;k;ky; lkèkkj.kr% dkuwu dks 'kfDr&cká (Ultra Vires) Bgjkdj fujLr dj ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ og ;g
fu.kZ; ns ldrk gS fd ,slk dkuwu cukuk dkaxzsl dh 'kfDr osQ ckgj FkkA ijarq lkafoèkkfud la'kksèku osQ ekeys esa
loksZPp U;k;ky; ,slk fu.kZ; ugha nsrkA

ç'kklfud 'kfDr;ka (Administrative Powers): vejhdh dkaxzsl fofHkUu ç'kklfud foHkkxksa osQ ckjs esa fooj.k
(Reports) e¡xk ldrh gSA ;g viuh tkap lfefr;ka (Inquiry committees) fu;qDr djosQ ç'kklfud foHkkxksa dh
vkykspuk dj ldrh gSA

blosQ vykok] jk"Vªifr mPp inksa osQ fy, (tSls fd eaf=k;ksa] jktnwrksa] U;k;kèkh'kksa] egkU;k;okfn;ksa osQ in ij) tks
fu;qfDr;ka djrk gS] ;k fons'kksa osQ lkFk tks lafèk;ka djrk gS] muosQ fy, lhusV dk vuqleFkZu (Ratification) t:jh
gksrk gSA ,d çFkk (Convention) osQ vuqlkj] ;fn jk"Vªifr dks ,sls jkT; esa dksbZ fu;qfDr djuh gks tgka dk
lhusV&lnL; jk"Vªifr osQ vius jktuhfrd ny ls gks rks jk"Vªifr ,slh fu;qfDr djus ls igys ml lhusV&lnL; ls
ijke'kZ dj ysrk gSA ;fn og lnL; çLrkfor fu;qfDr dk vuqeksnu dj nsrk gS rks lhusV ml fu;qfDr dh iqf"V
dj nsxhA ;fn og lhusV&lnL; bl ij vkifÙk djrk gS rks lhusV Hkh mldh iqf"V ugha djsxhA bl çFkk dks
lhusV&lkStU; (Senatorial courtesy) dh laKk nh tkrh gSA

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