Page 193 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV lans'k osQoy dkaxzsl osQ uke ugha gksrk_ ;g lkjh vejhdh turk vkSj iwjs fo'o osQ uke gksrk gSA yksder ij mldk
tks çHkko iM+rk gS] mls è;ku esa j[kdj gh dkaxzsl jk"Vªifr osQ çLrkoksa ij mi;qDr dkjZokbZ djrh gSA vfèkos'ku
osQ nkSjku Hkh ;fn jk"Vªifr ;g vuqHko djrk gS fd dkaxzsl dk n`f"Vdks.k mlosQ çLrkoksa osQ çfr vuqdwy ugha gS
rks og fiQj] ftruh ckj pkgs] jk"Vª osQ uke lans'k tkjh dj ldrk gSA
ijarq dksbZ jk"Vªifr vius çLrkoksa dks dkaxzsl osQ ekè;e ls dgka rd dk;kZfUor djk ik,xkμ ;g mlosQ vius
O;fDrRo] dkaxzsl esa mlosQ ny osQ cgqer vkSj yksder osQ leFkZu ij fuHkZj gSA vke rkSj ij jk"Vªifr osQ çLrkoksa
esa ls vkèks ls T;knk dk;kZfUor ugha gks ikrsA mlosQ ctV&çLrkoksa esa Hkh dkaxzsl dbZ rjg osQ ifjorZu ;k dVkSrh
dj nsrh gSA
jk"Vªifr dh lekuqefr vkSj fu"ksèkkfèkdkj (Presidential Assesent and Veto): dksbZ Hkh foèks;d dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa
lnuks esa ikfjr gksus osQ ckn jk"Vªifr osQ ikl ^lekuqifr* osQ fy, Hkstk tkrk gSA ;fn jk"Vªifr ml foèks;d osQ çLrqrhdj.k
a
(Submission) osQ fnu ls dkaxszl osQ nl dk;Z&fnol (Working Days) chr tkus ij Hkh dksbZ vkifÙk ugha djrk rks
bls jk"Vªifr dh ^ekSu lEefr* eku fy;k tkrk gS_ vr% og foèks;d dkuwu cu tkrk gSA
ijarq ;fn jk"Vªifr bl vofèk ls igys ml foèks;d ij viuh vkifÙk;ka O;Dr djosQ mls dkaxzsl osQ ikl okil
Hkst nsrk gS rks dkaxzsl osQ ikl nks fodYi jg tkrs gS% (d) og jk"Vªifr osQ lq>koksa osQ vuqlkj foèks;d esa la'kksèku
dj ns] vkSj mls u, :i esa nqckjk ikfjr djosQ jk"Vªifr osQ ikl Hkst ns rkfd jk"Vªifr mldk vuqeksnu dj ns_
;k fiQj ([k) dkaxzsl osQ nksuksa lnu ml foèks;d dks ewy :i esa nks&frgkbZ cgqer ls nqckjk ikfjr djs nsa ftlls jk"Vªifr
dk fu"ksèkkfèkdkj fujLr gks tkrk gSA ijarq bruk cgqer tqVkuk ljy ugha gksrkA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd jk"Vªifr fdlh
foèks;d dks dqN le; osQ fy, fuyafcr (Suspend) dj ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr osQ bl vfèkdkj dks fuyacu&fu"ksèkkfèkdkj
(Suspensory Veto) dgk tkrk gSA
;fn jk"Vªifr ,sls fdlh foèks;d ij gLrk{kj djus ls budkj dj ns] vkSj nl dk;Z&fnol iwjs gksus ls igys dkaxzsl
LFkfxr (Adjorun) gks tk, rks og foèks;d viuh ekSr ej tkrk gSA jk"Vªifr osQ bl vfèkdkj dks ^tsc esa Mkyus
dk fu"ksèkkfèkdkj* ;k ^vojksèku&fu"ksèkkfèkdkj* (Pocket Veto) dgk tkrk gSA ;fn dkaxzsl ml foèks;d ij
iqufoZpkj pkgrh gks rks mls u, vfèkos'ku esa u, fljs ls ikfjr djosQ jk"Vªifr osQ ikl Hkstuk iM+sxkA

dk;Zdkjh vkns'k (Executive Order): dkaxzsl jk"Vªifr vkSj mlosQ ç'kklfud foHkkxksa (Executive Agencies) dks
dk;Zdkjh vkns'k fudkyus dh vuqefr nsrh gS ;s vkns'k dkuwu dh rjg ekU; vkSj çHkko'kkyh gksrs gSaA ;s vkns'k
eq[;r% rhu mís';ksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, tkjh fd, tkrs gSa % (d) lafoèkku ;k fdlh fo'ks"k dkuwu dh O;oLFkkvksa
dks O;kogkfjd :i nsus osQ fy, ([k) fons'kksa osQ lkFk dh xbZ lafèk;ksa dks ykxw djus osQ fy,_ vkSj (x) u,
ç'kklfud foHkkx LFkkfir djus osQ fy, ;k bu foHkkxksa osQ dk;Z esa dksbZ ifjorZu djus osQ fy,A mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
fL=k;ksa vkSj v'osrksa osQ fy, lkekjkRed dkjZokbZ (Affirmative Action) dh O;oLFkk osQ dk;kZUo;u] jk"Vªifr dk;kZy;
osQ iquxZBu] vkikr fLFkfr (Emergency) osQ nkSjku miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dh jk'ku&O;oLFkk (Rationing) rFkk dherksa
vkSj etnwjh dh njksa osQ fu;a=k.k] bR;kfn osQ ekeys esa dk;Zdkjh vkns'kksa dk foLr`r ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

lhusV dk vuqleFkZu (Senatorial Ratification): jk"Vªifr dh 'kfDr;ksa dks dkaxzsl osQ vadq'k esa j[kus osQ fy,
,d O;oLFkk ;g dh xbZ gS fd jk"Vªifr mPpkfèkdkfj;ksa dh tks fu;qfDr;ka djsxk] ;k fons'kksa osQ lkFk tks lafèk;ka
djsxk] os rHkh ekU; gksaxh tc lhusV mldk vuqleFkZu dj nsxhA fu;qfDr;ksa osQ vuqleFkZu osQ fy, lhusV dk lkèkkj.k
cgqer (Simple Majority) i;kZIr gksrk gSA oSls fu;qfDr;ksa dh çfØ;k dks ^lhusV&lkStU;* (Sentorial Courtesy)
dh çFkk osQ varxZr dqN gn rd ljy cuk fn;k x;k gS vrajkZ"Vªh; lafèk;ksa osQ vuqleFkZu osQ fy, lhusV esa mifLFkr
vkSj ernku esa Hkkx ysus okys lnL;ksa dks nks&frgkbZ cgqer t:jh gSA

lhusV&lkStU; vejhdh lafoèkku dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ çFkk (Convention) gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ;fn jk"Vªifr
dks fdlh jkT;&fo'ks"k ls tqM+s gq, la?kh; in (Federal Office) ijμtSls fd ftyk U;k;oknh (District Attorney)

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