Page 197 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV fHkUurk gksrh gSA pquko esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk egÙo c<+ tkrk gS] D;ksafd ernkrk O;kogkjr% nyksa dks er nsrs
gSa] O;fDrxr çR;kf'k;ksa dks ugha A fLoV~tjySaM esa vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo i¼fr dh vkykspuk vusd ys[kdksa us
dh gSA fo'ks"kdj áwt us blosQ dbZ nq"ifj.kkeksa dh vksj è;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k gSμ
(d) ernkrk rFkk çfrfufèk;ksa dk lEidZ lEcUèk vR;Ur fucZy gks x;k gSA jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL; ernkrkvksa
osQ çfrfufèk u jgdj jktuhfrd nyksa osQ çfrfufèk gks x;s gSaA
([k) foèkkueaMy dh fLFkfr cgqr fucZy gks tkrh gSA tc fdlh ,d ny dks Li"V cgqer çkIr ugha gksrkA rc
,drk rFkk ,d:i uhfr osQ vHkko esa jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ 'kfDr'kkyh rFkk çHkko'kkyh ugha cu ikrh gSA

(x) jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ esa vusd nyksa dks yxHkx leku çfrfufèkRo çkIr gksrk gSA iQyLo:i] foèkkueaMy ,d
fuf'pr uhfr dk vuqlj.k ugha dj ikrh gS] fofHkUu fopkjèkkjkvksa esa le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gS rFkk
mÙkjnkf;Ro foHkkftr gks tkrk gSA
(?k) la?kh; ifj"kn~~ dk laxBu Hkh cgqnyh; gks tkrk gS ftldk cqjk çHkko 'kklu ij iM+rk gSA cgqnyh; gksus
osQ dkj.k jkT;&ifj"kn~ la?kh; ifj"kn~ dk nkl cu tkrh gSA
ysfdu] vkjñlhñ ?kks"k dh jk; esa fLoV~tjySaM esa Úkal vkSj bVyh dh rjg vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo ç.kkyh us çcy
nq"ço`fÙk;ksa dks tUe ugha fn;k gS] cfYd bl ç.kkyh us fuokZpu esa U;k;ço`fÙk dks gh c<+kok fn;k gS vkSj tuer&laxzg
osQ nks"kksa dks nwj fd;k gSA
ernkrkμ fLol lafoèkku esa ernkrk (Voters) lEcUèkh O;oLFkk mYys[kuh; gSA çR;sd fLot iq:"k ukxfjd dks]
ftldh vk;q 20 o"kZ ;k mlls vfèkd gks] er nsus dk vfèkdkj gSA ukxfjdksa osQ ernku dk vfèkdkj vusd çfrcUèkksa
rFkk lhekvksa ls e;kZfnr gSA lcls mYys[kuh; ckr ;g gS fd fL=k;ksa dks erkfèkdkj ls gky rd oafpr j[kk x;k
gSaA 8 iQjojh] 1971 ls mUgsa Hkh erkfèkdkj çnku dj fn;k x;k gSA tks O;fÙkQ lfØ; ukxfjdrk ls oafpr dj fn;s
x;s gSa ;k ftUgsa iQkStnkjh vijkèk esa naM feyk gks mUgsa erkfèkdkj çkIr ugha gSaA fofHk dSaVuksa esa fnokfy;ksa] fHk{kqdksa
rFkk nq'pfj=k O;fDr;ksa dks erkfèkdkj ugha fn;k x;k gSA

lnL;rk& fLol lafoèkku esa jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ dh lnL; (membership) osQ fy, os vgZrk,¡ fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ gSa tks
ernkrkvksa dh vgZrk,¡ gS_ vFkkZr~ çR;sd fLol ukxfjdksa] ftls erkfèkdkj çkIr gS] jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ dk lnL; cu
ldrk gSA ysfdu] ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd èkkjk 75 osQ vuqlkj dksbZ èkekZfèkdkjh (clergy) vkSj èkkjk 77 osQ vuqlkj
jkT;&ifj"kn~~ rFkk la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL; ugha cu ldrs gSaA dSaVu ik"kZnksa dks vU; fdlh
in ij dk;Z djus ls oafpr dj ldrs gSa] tSls la?kh; ifj"kn~~ ;k la?kh; U;k;ky; dh lnL;rkA

dk;Zdkyμ1931 bzZ- rd jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ dk dk;Zdky (term) 2 o"kZ FkkA ysfdu] vktdy ;g lafoèkku }kjk 4
o"kZ fuf'pr dj fn;k x;k gS tcfd Hkkjr] baxySaM] Úkal] dukMk vkSj bVyh esa 5 o"kZ rFkk vkLVªsfy;k esa 3 o"kZ
vkSj vesfjdk esa 2 o"kZ gSa ;gk¡ nks ckrsa mYys[kuh; gSA çFke ,d vfèkos'ku osQ vof'k"V dk;Z nwljs vfèkos'ku dks
gLrkarfjr gksrs gSa vkSj ,d jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ osQ 'ks"k dk;Z nwljh uo&fuokZfpr jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ dksaA f}rh; vfèkdka'k
lnL;ksa osQ iqufuZokfpr gks tkus osQ dkj.k lnu dh lnL;rk i;kZIr fLFkj jgrh gS] lnu dks Hkax ugha fd;k tkrk]
fliQZ la'kksèku osQ ç'u ij erHksn gksus ij lEHko gSA

ik"kZnksa dh O;fÙkQxr i`"BHkwfe& ik"kZnksa dh O;fÙkQxr i`"BHkwfe ls mudh ;ksX;rk dk irk pyrk gSA jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~
esa fofHkUu is'ks osQ yksxksa dks çfrfufèkRo çkIr gS] tSls d`"kd] odhy] O;olk;h] f'k{kd] MkWDVj] dSaVu rFkk
uxjikfydkvksa osQ vfèkdkjh vkfnA foxr ipkl o"kks± esa odhyksa dh la[;k esa deh gqbZ gSA 1916 bZñ esa mudh la[;k
41 çfr'kr Fkh] 1945 bZñ esa 19 çfr'kr rFkk 1955 bZñ esa 13 çfr'kr gks xbZA
mez osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls vfèkdk'ka lnL; v?ksM+ rFkk cqtqxZ gksrs gSaA 1919 bZñ esa vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo ykxw gksus osQ
ckn ;qod lnL;ksa dh la[;k esa fnu çfrfnu o`f¼ gksrh tk jgh gSA 40 ls 49 o"kZ osQ lnL;ksa dh la[;k esa fLFkjrk
ik;h tkrh gS rFkk 50 o"kZ ls vfèkd mez osQ lnL;ksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼A

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