Page 195 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV (ii) loksZifjrkμ la?kh; foèkkue.My dh f}lnukRed O;oLFkk osQ mn~Hko dh O;k[;k nks çdkj ls dh tkrh gSA
çFke] lafoèkkufuekZrkvksa osQ lkeus nks leL;k,¡ Fkhaμ (i) osQUæh;dj.k vkSj foosQUæh;dj.k ;k oSaQVuksa dh laçHkqrk vkSj
'kfÙkQ'kkyh la?k ljdkj rFkk (2) NksVs ,oa cM+s jkT;ksa osQ chp le>kSrk djukA bu leL;kvksa dks lqy>kus osQ fy,
mUgksaus vejhdh lafoèkku ls ykHk mBk;kA mUgksaus f}lnukRed ç.kkyh dks viuk;k rkfd ,d lnu esa jk"Vª dk
çfrfufèkRo gks losQ vkSj nwljs esa dS.Vuksa dkA ,d esa ns'k dh turk dks tula[;k osQ vkèkkj ij çfrfufèkRo çkIr
gks vkSj nwljsa esa çR;sd jkT; dks leku la[;k esa çfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj gksA vr% foèkkue.My dk nks Hkkx
fd;k x;kμjk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ (The National Council) vkSj jkT; ifj"kn~ (The Council of States) A çFke jk"Vª dh
lqn`<+rk rFkk ,drk dk çrhd gS rks nwljk dSVuksa dh çHkqrk rFkk mudh ijLij lekurk dk |ksrd gSA f}lnukRed
O;oLFkk dks viukus dk nwljk dkj.k ,sfrgkfld ijEijk dk çHkko FkkA 1848 bZñ osQ iwoZ fLoV~tjySaM dh la?kh;
foèkkuikfydk osQ :i esa ,d ^MkbV* (Diet) uked laLFkk Fkh ftlesa çR;sd dS.Vu dks ,d er çkIr FkkA vr%]
la?kh; foèkkue.My esa ,d lnu dh vko';drk Fkh ftlesa çR;sd oSaQVu dks leku er feysA
jkT;&ifj"kn~~ (The council of States): jkT;&ifj"kn~~ fLol la?kh; lHkk dk mPp ;k f}rh; lnu (Upper or
Second Chamber) gSA ;|fi lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj ;g fuEu lnu dk vèkhuLFk (subordinate) ugha cfYd
led{k (co-equal) lnu gS] fiQj Hkh la?kh; bdkb;ksa dk çfrfufèkRo djus osQ dkj.k vejhdh flusV rFkk
Hkkjrh; jkT; lHkk dh Js.kh esa bls j[kk tkrk gSA
laxBu & fLol jkT;&ifj"kn~~ dk laxBu vejhdh flusV ls feyrk&tqyrk gS ftl çdkj flusV esa çR;sd vejhdh
jkT; dks çfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj gS] mlh çdkj jkT;&ifj"kn~~ esa çR;sd fLol dSaVu dk] pkgs mldk vkdkj
;k tula[;k dqN Hkh gks] nks çfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj gSA fliQZ ,d fofHkUurk ;g gS fd vesfjdk osQ vln`'k
LofV~tjySaM esa dqN bdkbZ;ksa dks] ftUgsa v¼Z&dS.Vu dgrs gSa] fliQZ ,d çfrfufèk Hkstus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;k
gSaA bl çdkj] jkT;&ifj"kn~~ dh lnL;&la[;k 44 gSμ 19 dS.Vuksa osQ 28 çfrfufèk vkSj 6 v¼Z&dS.Vuksa osQ 6 çfrfufèkA
fo'o osQ vU; mPp lnuksa dh rqyuk esa ;g la[;k cgqr de gS D;ksafd vesfjdk] Hkkjr rFkk fczVsu osQ vU; lnuksa
dh lnL;&la[;k Øe'k% 100] 250 vkSj 900 gSA lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk,¡ mudh fuokZpu&i¼fr] inkofèk vkfn dk
fuèkkZj.k dSaVuksa osQ gkFk esa gSaA iQyr% jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ lHkh lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk,¡] dk;Zdky rFkk fuokZpu&fofèk ,d
leku ugha gSA çR;sd dSaVu dk vyx&vyx fu;e gSA 4 dSaVuksa dk çfrfufèk ogk¡ osQ foèkkueaMy }kjk 1 dSaVu
rFkk 3 v¼Z&dSaVuksa osQ çfrfufèk lkoZtfud lHkkvksa }kjk vkSj 'ks"k 14 dSaVuksa rFkk ,d v¼Zz dSaVuksa çfrfufèk O;oLFkk
ukxfjdksa }kjk pqus tkrs gSaA jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL;ksa osQ pquko ij lafoèkku dh èkkjkvksa 6] 81 rFkk 108 osQ }kjk dfri;
çfrcUèk yxk;s x;s gSaA èkkjk 6 esa dgk x;k gS fd dSaVuksa osQ lHkh fuokZpu ^çtkrkaf=kd* (democratic) gksaxsA èkkjk
81 }kjk ;g çfrcUèk yxk;k x;k gS fd jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL; ,d gh lkFk jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~~ ;k la?kh; ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL;
ugha gks ldrs gSaA èkkjk 108 osQ }kjk jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL; dks ,d gh la?kh; U;k;ky; osQ lnL; gksus ij jksd yxk
nh x;h gSA dSaVuksa }kjk vU; çfrcUèk Hkh yxk;s tk ldrs gSaA

fLol jkT; ifj"kn~~ dk laxBu vejhdh flusV osQ laxBu ls feyrk&tqyrk gSA nksuksa turkaf=kd i¼fr rFkk la?kh;
bdkb;ksa dh lekurk osQ fl¼kUr ij vkèkkfjr gSA Hkkjrh; jkT;lHkk ls ;g laxBu bl vFkZ esa fHkUu gS fd ;gk¡ jkT;ksa
dk çfrfufèkRo lekurk osQ vkèkkj ij ugha vfirq tula[;k osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA fczfV'k ykMZ lHkk ls
vln`';rk rks vkSj Hkh vfèkd Li"V gS] D;ksafd ykMZ lHkk osQ lnL; oa'kxr ;k uketn gksrs gSaA

jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ laxBu ls ;g lUnsg iSnk gksrk gS fd og fliQZ dSaVuksa dk çfrfufèk rFkk muosQ fgrks dk laj{kd
gksxkA ysfdu] O;ogkj esa bl lnu us dHkh bl çdkj dh ladh.kZ eukso`fÙk dk çn'kZu ugha fd;kA jk"Vªh; fgr dh
vis{kk blus dHkh dSaVuksa osQ fgrks dk leFkZu ugha fd;kA u rks ;g jkT;fèkdkjksa (State's Rights) osQ leFkZdksa dk
x<+ gh gSA u rks fczVsu dh ykWMZ lHkk dh Hkk¡fr bls çfrfØ;kokfn;ksa dk çoDrk gh dgk tk ldrk gSA foèks;dksa ij
fopkj&foe'kZ djus esa blus jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ ls Hkh vfèkd mnkjrk dk çek.k fn;k gSA

dk;Zdky & fLol jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ lnL;ksa osQ dk;Zdky esa Hkh vlekurk gSaA fofHkUu dSaVu vyx&vyx vofèk;ksa
osQ fy, lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu djrs gSaA iQyLo:i jkT;&ifj"kn~~ osQ 35 lnL; 4 o"kZ osQ fy, 5 lnL; 3 o"kZ osQ fy,

190 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY