Page 184 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

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fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
nkoH;hH w?feqvh; B/ ftg~y dhnK gzi ftP/PsktK dh soc ;ze/s ehsk j?L (e) ftg~y ;zrfms j[zdk j?
nkoH;hH w?feqvh; B/ ftg~y BØN
nkoH;hH w?feqvh; B/ ftg~y
nkoH;hH w?feqvh; B/ ftg~y
nkoH;hH w?feqvh; B/ ftg~y
ns/ nkgD/ u[D/ rJ/ ftfPnK T[s/ ;oeko d/ ;kjwD/ ;z:[es u[D"sh oydk j?l (y) T[j fuo;EkJh j[zdkl
(r) T[j ;zg{oB d/P ftu fto'Xh db d/ fBPmktkB w?ApoK Bz{ nrtkJh gqdkB eodk j?l (x) T[j ;oeko
dk ftebg (Alternative) gq;s[s eodk j?. i/eo ;oeko fvr ikt/ sK ftg~y ;~sk ;zGkbD d/ bJh fsnko
ofjzdk j?. ;' fJj ;oeko dh fBzdk eod/ ;w/A iK nkgDh soc'A e'Jh Go';k fdzd/ ;w/A ;wkB ftntjko eodk
j?, ns/ (C) T[j Pk;B d/ ekoi ftu ;fj:'r ;dB dk g'qrokw eod/ ;w/A T[j ;oeko d/ Bkb fwb e/ ezw
eodk j?.
ftg~y dk w[~y ekoi ;z;d ftu okPNo fjs ns/ iBws dh fdqPNh s'A ;oeko dh BhshnK ns/ g'qrokwK dh
nb'uBk eoBk j?. ftg~y dh ;wkB ns/ ouBkswe nb'uBk ;oeko d/ bJh nfsnzs w~[btkB f;~X j[zdh j?.
fJj ekoD j? fe fpqN/B ftu ftg~y Bz{ ‘wjkrfowkwJh dk fBPmktkB ftg~y’ (Her Majesty's Loyal
Opposition) fejk iKdk j?. fpqfNP ;z;d ftu ftg~y d/ B/sk B{z pkekfJdk sBykj fdZsh iKdh j? feT[Afe
fJj wzB e/ ubd/ jB fe ;dB ftu T[;dk ekoi ;~sko{V ;oeko d/ fe;/ w?Apo s'A x~N wj~stg{oB BjhA j?.
ftg~y d/ tfoPm B/sktK dk ;w{j nkgD/ nkg Bz{ goSktK wzsohwzvb goSktK wzsohwzvb (Shadow Cabinet) d/ o{g ftu
goSktK wzsohwzvb
goSktK wzsohwzvb
goSktK wzsohwzvb
;zrms eo b?Adk j?. fJ;d/ w?Apo ftfPPN ftfPnK T[s/ fit/A fe ft~s, ftd/Ph wkwfbnk, gqsho~fynk, nkfd
d/ ;zdoG ftu nkgD/ db d/ gqtesk dh G{fwek fBGkT[Ad/ jB. ;dB ftu ;oeko dh jko j' ikD T[s/ fJ;
goSkt/–wzsohwzvb Bz{ ;oeko pDkT[D dk nt;o fd~sk iKdk j?.
bkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk (House of Lords)LL LL L fJzrb?Av ftu fJekswe Pk;B gqDkbh (Unitary Government) gqufbs
j? fi; ftu ;kXkoD s"o s/ d{i/ ;dB (Second Chamber) dh io{os BjhA j[zdh. gozs{ T[E/ fJfsjk;e
ekoDK s'A bkov ;Gk d/ o{g ftu d{ik ;dB ufbnk nk fojk j? ns/ T[j n~i th pfDnk j'fJnk j?. fJ;
ftu iB;kXkoD d/ fBotkfus gqshfBXh BjhA j[zd/. pbfe d/P d/ e[M nfij/ nkdo:'r b'e j[zd/ jB fiBQK
Bz{ iK sK tzPgozgok (Heredity) s'A bkov dh gdth fwbh j'Jh j?, iK T[j g[o'fjstor (Clergy) d/ T[Zu
nfXekohnK d/ Bks/ bkov ;Gk d/ w?Apo wzB/ iKd/ jB, iK fco T[BQK Bz{ ftP/P :'rsktK, d/P ;/tk, nkfd d/
nkXko T[s/ ihtB Go d/ bJh bkov d/ o{g ftu wB'Bhs eo fd~sk iKdk j?. nes{[po, 1999 d/ pko/
tzPgozgokrs bkovK Bz{ bkov ;Gk ftu p?mD dk nfXeko BjhA fojk j?.
bkov ;Gk ftu w?ApoK dh frDsh fBns BjhA j?. fJBQK dh toswkB frDsh 747 j ?i' fe; ekwB; ;Gk
d/ w?ApoK s'A fInkdk j?. bkov ;Gk d/ ;feqJ/ w?ApoK dh ;zfynk 400 s'A th x~N j?. fJ; ;Gk d/ w?ApoK d/
Bkw s'A gfjbK ;BwkBg{ote ‘bkov’ Ppd dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?, fJ;sohnK d/ bJh fJ;dh irkj
‘b/vh’ Ppd dk gq:'r gqufbs j?. pj[s x~N bkov fJ; ;Gk ftu e'Jh ;feqJ/ G{fwek fBGkT[Ad/ jB. fJBQK
ftu'A 9 ftXh–bkov (Law Lords) th Pkwb jB fiBK dh G{fwek ;G s'A wj~stg{oB j? fBnKfJe wkfjo
bkov uK;bo
bkov uK;bo
j'D d/ ekoB fJBQK B{z nkihtB fB:[esh gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?. bkov ;Gk d/ w[yh Bz{ bkov uK;bobkov uK;bo (Lord
bkov uK;bo
Chancellor) fejk iKdk j?.
ftXh fBowkD d/ y/so ftu bkov dhnK PeshnK pj[s ;hws jB. gozs{ fJ; ;Gk ftu ftX/neK (Bills)
T[s/ T[Zu g~Xo dk ftuko ftwoP j[zdk j?. fJ; Bkb eJh tko nfijh wj~stg{oB r~bK gqekP ftu nk iKdhnK
jB i' ekwB; ;Gk d/ nfsnzs ftnt;E w?ApoK d/ fXnkB s'A S[N ;edhnK ;B. fJ;d/ nbktk, okiBhfse
dpkn (Political Pressure) s'A w[es ofjD d/ ekoB bkov ;Gk nfsnzs wj~stg{oB w[~fdnK T[s/ sN;E
Gkt s'A ftuko eo ;edh j?.
nkoH;hH w?feqvh; d/ nB[;ko, bkov ;Gk dh ;G s'A w[~y Pesh fBnKfJe Pesh (Judicial Power) j?.
nkoH;hH w?feqvh;
nkoH;hH w?feqvh;
nkoH;hH w?feqvh;
nkoH;hH w?feqvh;
fJj fJzrb?A dk ;op T[u fBnkfXeD (Highest Tribunal) ns/ nzfsw nghb – fBnKfbnk (Final Court
of Appeal) j?. fJe gqEk d/ nB[;ko, id bkov ;Gk T[u fBnkfJnkb/ (High Court) d/ o{g ftu ekoi
eodh j?, sd T[; ftu bkov uK;bo d/ nbkt e/tb ftXh–bkov jkIo j[zd/ jB.
bkov ;Gk d/ w?Apo okiBhsh ftu fj~;k BjhA b? ;ed/. gozs{ bkov uK;bo wzsohwzvb dk w?Apo j[zdk j?,
ns/ (ekwB; ;Gk d/ w[yh d/ T[bN) T[j bkov ;Gk d/ tkd–fttkd ftu ;feqJ/ fj~;k b?Adk j?. 1963 d/ fJe
nfXfBnw d/ nzsors e'Jh bkov nkgDh gdth dk fsnkr eoe/ okiBhsh d/ w?dkB ftu T[so ;edk j?,
ns/ okiBhfse gdth dk T[whdtko j' ;edk j?.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 179