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fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
8H1 fpqfNP ;z;d dh Pesh ns/ ;zrmB, nwoheh eKro;, ;ft; ;zxh BØN
8H1 fpqfNP ;z;d dh Pesh ns/ ;zrmB, nwoheh eKro;, ;ft; ;zxh
8H1 fpqfNP ;z;d dh Pesh ns/ ;zrmB, nwoheh eKro;, ;ft; ;zxh
8H1 fpqfNP ;z;d dh Pesh ns/ ;zrmB, nwoheh eKro;, ;ft; ;zxh
8H1 fpqfNP ;z;d dh Pesh ns/ ;zrmB, nwoheh eKro;, ;ft; ;zxh
ftXkB wzvb (Composition ans Powers of the British Parliament,
ftXkB wzvb
ftXkB wzvb
ftXkB wzvb
ftXkB wzvb
American Congress, Swiss Federal Assembly)
fpqfNP ;z;d
fpqfNP ;z;d
fpqfNP ;z;d (British Parliament): ;?XKfse fdqPNh Bkb fpqfNP ;z;d ftu okiw[e[N (The Crown),
fpqfNP ;z;d
fpqfNP ;z;d
bkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk (House of Lords) ns/ ekwB; ;Gk (House of Commons) fszB' nk iKd/ jB. bkov ;Gkbkov ;Gk
bkov ;Gk
d{ik ;dB
Bz{ T[Zu ;dB, T[gobk ;dB (Upper House) iK iKiK iK d{ik ;dB (Second Chamber) fejk iKdk j?L
Bz{ T[Zu ;dB, T[gobk ;dB iK d{ik ;dBd{ik ;dB
Bz{ T[Zu ;dB, T[gobk ;dB
Bz{ T[Zu ;dB, T[gobk ;dB
Bz{ T[Zu ;dB, T[gobk ;dB
d{ik ;dB
ekwB; ;Gk Bz{ BhtK ;dB iK nt;o ;dB (Lower House) fejk iKdk j?. gozs{ tk;st ftu ekwB;
;Gk dh PeshnK ns/ feqs bkov ;Gk dh s[bBk ftu fInkdk ft;fsqs ns/ wj~stg{oB jB. ftntjkfoe
ekwB; ;Gk Bz{ fpqfNP ;z;d dk gfonkJ/tkuh ;wfMnk iKdk j?
ns/ okiBhfse ekoBK s'A ekwB; ;Gk Bz{ fpqfNP ;z;d dk gfonkJ/tkuh ;wfMnk iKdk j?ekwB; ;Gk Bz{ fpqfNP ;z;d dk gfonkJ/tkuh ;wfMnk iKdk j? j? feT[Afe
ekwB; ;Gk Bz{ fpqfNP ;z;d dk gfonkJ/tkuh ;wfMnk iKdk j?
ekwB; ;Gk Bz{ fpqfNP ;z;d dk gfonkJ/tkuh ;wfMnk iKdk
fJ;d/ w?ApoK dh u'D iB;kXkoD d/ d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?, fJ;/ ;dB Bz{ ftXh–fBowkD dh nzfse Pesh
gqkgsh j?l ns/ wzsohwzvb (Cabinet) nkgD/ j'Ad d/ bJh fJ;/ ;dB d/ ftPtk; (Confidence) T[s/ nkfPqs
j?.
J/HthH vkJh;h
;z;d dh gqG{;~sk
;z;d dh gqG{;~sk (Sovereignty of Pariament)L J/HthH vkJh;h (1835–1922) d/ nB[;ko, ekBz{Bh
;z;d dh gqG{;~sk J/HthH vkJh;h
;z;d dh gqG{;~sk
J/HthH vkJh;h
J/HthH vkJh;h
;z;d dh gqG{;~sk
fdqPNh Bkb ;z;d dh gqG{;~sk fJzrb?D dh okiBhfse ;z;EktK dh gqw[~y ftP/Psk j?. fJzrb?Av d/ ekBz{B d/
nzsors fe;/ nfij/ ftnesh iK ;z;Ek Bz{ wkBsk Bjh fd~sh rJh j? fi; Bz{ ;z;d d/ d[nkok pDkJ/ rJ/
ekBz{B Bz{ o~d eoB/ iK T[; s'A T[Zuk ekBz{B pDkT[D dk nfXeko j't/. ftfbnw pb?e;NB ftfbnw pb?e;NB (1723–80)
ftfbnw pb?e;NB
ftfbnw pb?e;NB
ftfbnw pb?e;NB
d/ PpdK ftu ;z;d Bz{ ekBz{B pDkT[D, T[;dh g[PNh, ft;sko iK ftnkfynk eoB dk ;ot'ogoh ns/ n;hw
nfXeko jB. fJj ekBz{B fe;/ th soQK d/ j' ;ed/ jB – ukj/ T[j Xkofwe j'D iK ;z;kfoe j'D, dhtkBh
j'D iK c"idkoh j'D, ;?fBe j'D iK n;?fBe j'D. fJj okif;zxk;B d/ T[sokfXeko dh gozgok Bz{ fBnfws
eo ;edh j? fJj d/P d/ ;z;Ekfgs Xow B{z pdb ;edh j? i' gqkfeqse fdqPNh s'A n;zGt Bk j't/.
fpqfNP ;z;d Bz{ gqG{;~sk ;zgB wzBD dk w[~y ekoB Jj j? fe T[E/ e'Jh fbfys ;zftXkB (Written
Constitution) BjhA jB Pk;B gqDkbh Bkb i[Vh j'Jh gqEktK (conventions), fBnKfJe fdqPNks
(Judicial Precedents) ns/ ;z;d d/ nfXfBnw (Parliamentary Enactments) jh T[E'A d/ ;zftXkB dk
nkXko jB. ;z;d d/ nfXfBnw ekBz{B dh fdqPNh s'A ;ot'gfo jB. fJ;d/ wkfXnw Bkb gqEktK Bz{ th
pdfbnk ik ;edk j?, iK o~d ehsk ik ;edk j?. fBnkfJgkfbek B{z fJj nfXeko BjhA j? fe T[j fe;/ th
nkXko ;z;d d/ nfXfBnwK dk ftXh–pkjoh (Extra Legal) iK Pesh pkjoh (Ultra Vires) x'fPs eo d/
t/, noEks fJj fBoDk d/ ;e/ fe gq;s[s nfXfBnw dk fBowkD ;z;d dh Pesh s'A pkjo j?.
b/;bh ;Nhc/B
b/;bh ;Nhc/B
b/;bh ;Nhc/B d/ nB[;ko, ;z;d
gozs{ ftntjkfoe fdqPNh Bkb, ;z;d dh Pesh ;otKr n;hw BjhA j?. b/;bh ;Nhc/Bb/;bh ;Nhc/B
dh tk;sfte PeshnK nKsfoe fdqPNh Bkb th e[M j~dK Bkb pzfBQnk j?, pkjhJ/ fdqPNh s'A th. nKsofe
fdqPNh Bkb d/fynk ikJ/ sK ;t?w ftXkB wzvb ;wkfie ;fEshnK dh d/D jB ;' fJj T[jh ekBz{B pDk ;edk
j? i' ;wkfie fdqPNh s'A wkfBnk j't/. T[j nfijk e'Jh ekBz{B th BjhA pDk ;edk i' b'ews (Public
Opinion) d/ fto[~X j't/. pkjoh fdqPNh Bkb d/fynk ikJ? sK ;z;d nzsookPNoh ekBz{ (International
Law) d/ fto[~X th BjhA ik ;edh. fco, nZi dh fpqfNP ;z;d :[o'gh ;z;d (European Parliament)
d/ ekBz{BK Bz{ wkBsk d/D bJh th wip{o j?, feT[Afe :[BkJhfNv fezrvw :[o'gh ;zx (European Union)
dk w?Apo j? t?;/ fJj j~dK ftntjkfoe j~dK jB i' nzsookPNoh ;w[dkJ/ iK :[o'gh ;zx d/ fe;/ th w?Apo d/
P d/ ftXkB wzvb T[s/ bkr{ jz[zdh j?. fpqfNP ;z;d d/ ;zdoG ftu fJBQK dh uouk fJ; bJh io{oh j? feT[Afe
T[;dh ;~sk Bz{ f;XKse s"o s/ n;hw wzfBnk iKdk j?.
ekwB; ;Gk
ekwB; ;Gk L
ekwB; ;Gk
ekwB; ;Gk (House of Commons)L LL L ekwB; ;Gk d/ w?ApoK dh tostwkB ;zfynk 646 j?. fJj ;G
ekwB; ;Gk
w?Apo fBotkfus j' e/ nkT[Ad/ jB. gqufbs GkPk ftu fJBQK Bz{ n?wHghH (Member of Parliament) iK
;z;d–w?Apo Bz{ nkgD/ id s'A BjhA jNk ;edk. T[; Bz{ pkjo d/ dpkU s'A w[es o~yD d/ bJh e[M ‘ftP/PkfXeko’
(Privileges) gqkgs j[zd/ jB. T[; Bz{ dhtkBh ekotkjh (Civil Action) d/ nzsors frocsko BjhA ehsk
ik ;edk. ;z;d ftu nkgD/ eos~t gkbB d/ d"okB T[j i' GkPD fdzdk j? iK j'o rshftXhnK ftu fj~;k
b?Adk j?, T[BQK d/ ekoB T[; T[s/ e'Jh w[e~dwk BjhA ubkfJnk ik ;edk. ;z;d–w?Apo Bz{ i' t/sB fwbdk j?,
T[j N?e; iK eN"shnK eZN e/ n";s fpqfNP sBykj dk d[rDk j[zdk j?.
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
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