Page 185 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN bkov ;Gk Bz{ ekfJw o~yD d/ fto[~X w[y soeL^
bkov ;Gk Bz{ ekfJw o~yD d/ fto[~X w[y soeL^
bkov ;Gk Bz{ ekfJw o~yD d/ fto[~X w[y soeL^
bkov ;Gk Bz{ ekfJw o~yD d/ fto[~X w[y soeL^ fJj j? fe fJj r?o–b'eszsoh ;dB j?l fJj XfBe
bkov ;Gk Bz{ ekfJw o~yD d/ fto[~X w[y soeL^
tor ns/ o{Vhtkdh ftukoXkok (Conservative Ideology) dk rVQ j?. gozs{ fJj f;~X eoBk efmB j? fe
bkov ;Gk d/ j'Ad d/ ekoD fpqfNP okiBhsh ftu XfBe tor d/ fjsK B{z gqXkBsk fd~sh iKdh j?. bkov ;Gk
dhnK PeshnK fJzBhnK ;hws jB fe T[j ;ot ;kXkoB dh fJ~Sk Bz{ ekfonftzs eoB ftu e'Jh ftP/P o'e
T[g;fEs BjhA eodh. feT[Afe bkov ;Gk edh Gzr BjhA j[zdh. fJ; bJh okiw[e[N dh soQK fJj th Pk;B
dh fBozsosk dk ;kXB pDh j'Jh j?. fco, bkov ;Gk ftu ftuko–ftwoP fJzBk T[u e'Nh dk j[zdk j? fe
T[j d/P d/ Pk;B Bz{ ubkT[D ftu wj~stg{oB f;ZX j[zdk j?. okPNoh wj~st d/ ftfPnK T[s/ i' gqto ;whshnK
(Select Committees) pDkJhnK iKdhnK jB, T[BQK d/ ekoi ftu bkov ;Gk d/ w?Apo ftP/P :'r fdzd/ jB.
;' fJj d/P d/ gqfsGkPkbh b'eK Bz{ ;BwkB ns/ wkBsk gaqdkB eoB dk T[g:[es ;kXB th pDh j'Jh j?. fJj
d/ Bz{ T[BQK dh :'rsk s'A bkG u[~eD dk nt;o gqdkB eodh j?.
gqXkBwzsoh ns/ wzsohwzvb
gqXkBwzsoh ns/ wzsohwzvb (Prime Minister and The Cabinet)L LL L gqXkB wzsoh ns/ T[;dk
gqXkBwzsoh ns/ wzsohwzvb
gqXkBwzsoh ns/ wzsohwzvb L
gqXkBwzsoh ns/ wzsohwzvb
wzsohwzvb fpqN/B dh :EkoE ekoigkfbek (Read Executive) jB. gqXkBwzsoh Bz{ Pk;B dk w[yh (Head
of Government) wzfBnK iKdk j?. ;z;dh gqEk d/ nB[;ko, nkw u"D (General Election) d/ pknd id
BthA ;z;d noEks BthA ekwB; ;Gk dk rmB j[zdk j?, sd wjkokDh fJ; ;dB ftu pjw[s (Majority)
d/ B/sk B{z gqXkBwzsoh dk gd ;zGkbD d/ bJh ;Zdk fdzdh j? fJ;d/ pknd gqXkBwzsoh nkgDh ;oeko d/ j'oBK
wzsohnk d/ Bkw wjkokDh d/ n"gukfoe nB[w'dB bJh G/idk j?. fJBQK ftu'A fInkdkso wzsoh ekwB; ;Gk
ftu gqXkBwzsoh d/ nkgDh db d/ w?ApoK ftu u[D/ iKd/ jB. id nB/e dbK dh fwbh i[bh ;oeko
(Coalition Government) pDkJh iKdh j?, sd ;z;d ftu fJBQK db d/ ;w{j d/ ;op ;zws B/sk Bz{
gqXkBwzsoh pDkfJnk iKdk j? ns/ j'oB wzsoh gqXkBwzsoh dh ;bkj T[s/ fJBQK dbK d/ ;z;d w?ApoK ftu'A
jh fB:[es ehs/ iKd/ jB. fJBQK wzsohnK dk fJe S'Nk fijk ;w{j fi; ftu gqXkBwzsoh ;w/s 16 s'A 25
se wzsoh ofjzd/ jB – fJe nzso (Inner), Bhsh–fBowkD wzvbh (Policy-making Body) d/ o{g ftu
fB:[es ehsk iKdk j?l fJBQK Bz{ Pk;B d/ ;G s'A wj~stg{oB ftGkr ;"Ag/ iKd/ jB. fJBQK wzsohnK d/ ;w{j
Bz{ ‘wzsoh wzvb’ fejk iKdk j?. d/fynk ikJ/ sK wzsohwzvb ;oeko d/ YKu/ dh nkXkofPbk j?.
gqXkB wzsoh
gqXkB wzsoh
gqXkB wzsoh (Prime Minister)L L L L L wzsohwzvb dk jo fJe wzsoh nkgD/–nkgD/ ftGkr iK ftGkr d/
gqXkB wzsoh
gqXkB wzsoh
gqPk;B d/ bJh T[ZsodkJh j[zdk j?. gqXkB wzsoh fJ; wzsohwzvb dk w[yh j[zdk j?. T[j e[M ftGkr nkgD/
j~E ftu th oy ;edk j?. f;XKfse s"o s/ wzsohwzvb d/ ;ko/ w?Apo ;wkB iK pokpo j[zd/ jB, gozs{
ftntjko d/ Xoksb T[s/ gqXkB wzsoh dk wj~st ;G s'A tX e/ j?. fJ; bJh T[; ‘;wkB’ b'eK ftu gfjbk
(First Among Equals) fejk iKdk j?.
d/P dh okiBhsh ftu gqXkBwzsoh dh ;fEsh eJh soQK Bkb p/i'V j?. T[j ;zg{oB okPNo dk gqshfBXh ns/
B/sk j[zdk j?, T[j id fe;/ iB ;Gk ftu iK iB ;zgoe d/ ;kXB (Mass Media) T[s/ okPNo Bz{ ;zp'fXs
eodk j? sK T[;dh r~b ;G irkj pj[s/ fXnkB Bkb ;[Dh iKdh j?. T[j nkgD/ db dk wj~stg{oB B/sk th
j[zdk j?. T[;d/ w[y dcos, y/soh dcos ns/ fBotkuB y/soK d/ ftnt;kfJe okiBhfsr (Processional
Politicians) ns/ ;EkBe g~Xo d/ ;feqJ/ ekoieosk (Activists) T[;/ ;/tk Bz{ ssgo ofjzd/ jB. T[j u'D
dh fwsh fBoXkos eodk j?l u"D–x'PDkg~so d/ w[~d/ ns/ u"D–nfGnkB (Election Campaign) d/ s"o–
sohe/ fBoXkfos eoB ftu fBoDkfJe G{fwek fBGkT[Adk j?. fco, ;z;dh db d/ B/sk d/ Bks/ T[j db d/
fGzB–fGzB r[NK (Factions) d/ ftu skbw/b ;Ekfgs eodk j?.
gqXkBwzsoh jh wzsohwzvb pDkT[Adk ns/ s'Vdk j?. T[j nkgDh g;zd d/ ;z;d–w?ApoK Bz{ wzsoh wzvb ftu
oy ;edk j? jkbKfe T[; Bz{ ftfGzB okiBhfse fjsK ns/ fGzB–fGzB ;w{jK ftu nrtkJh d/ dkt/dkoK B{z fJ;
ftu T[fus gqshfBXhst d/Dk g?Adk j?. fe;/ wzsoh s'A ;zs[PN Bk j'D T[s/ T[j T[;dk fsnkr g~so wzr ;edk
j?.
T[j wzsohwzvb dhnK p?meK dh nrtkJh eodk j?, ns/ T[;dh ekoi;{uh fBoXkfos eodk j?. fJBQK p?meK
ftu gqXkB wzsoh d/ fdqPNhe'D Bz{ ftP/P wj~st fd~sk iKdk j?. T[E/ wzsohwzvb d/ fBofDnK Bz{ T[g:[es
GkPk ns/ nfGftnesh gqdkB eodk j?. T[j ftfGzB wzsohwzvbh ;whshnK (Cabinet Committees) d/
w?Apo wB'Bhs eodk j?, ns/ nfijh wj~stg{oB ;whshnK d/ ;z:'iB (Convener) dh G{fwek fBGkT[Adk j?.

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