Page 233 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN (9) ;w{fjesk dk f;XKs L
(9) ;w{fjesk dk f;XKs (Doctrine of Collegiality)L LL L cqK; ft~u fBnK d/ ;zpzX ft~u fJj XkoDk j?
(9) ;w{fjesk dk f;XKs
(9) ;w{fjesk dk f;XKs
(9) ;w{fjesk dk f;XKs
fe fBnK eoD bJh eJh fdwkrK dk ;zrfms ftuko ftwoP Io{oh j?. e'Jh th fBoDk x~N s'A x~N fszB
fBnKXhPK dh ;gPN ;fjwsh Bkb fd~sk iKdk j?.
ndkbsK dk ;zrmB
ndkbsK dk ;zrmB
ndkbsK dk ;zrmB (Organisation of Courts): cqK; ft~u ndkbsK dk ;zrmB J/eehfeqs BjhA j?,
ndkbsK dk ;zrmB
ndkbsK dk ;zrmB
pbfe ;zxkswe j?. fBnKfJe gqkfXeko dk fe;/ fJ~e ;z;Ek ft~u ;ze/AdoD BjhA j[zdk, pbfe gzi gqeko dhnK
nb~r nb~r ndkbsK jB^
(e) ;kXkoD ndkbs (Ordinary Courts),
(y) gqPk;eh ndkbs (Administrative Courts),
(r) ;zftXkfBe gfoPd (Constitutional Council),
(x) T[Zu fBnKfJe gfoPd (The High Council of Judiciary), ns/
(R) fBnK dh T[Zu ndkbs (The High Court of Justice)
(e) ;kXkoD ndkbsL
(e) ;kXkoD ndkbsL
(e) ;kXkoD ndkbsL fJBK ndkbsK ft~u f;oc r?o^;oekoh ftneshnK Bkb ;zpzfXs w[~edfwnK dh
(e) ;kXkoD ndkbsL
(e) ;kXkoD ndkbsL
;[DtkJh j[zdh j?.
PKsh fBnKXhP d/ fBnkb/L
PKsh fBnKXhP d/ fBnkb/L
PKsh fBnKXhP d/ fBnkb/L
PKsh fBnKXhP d/ fBnkb/L
PKsh fBnKXhP d/ fBnkb/L ;G s'A fBwB Xoksb s/ PKsh fBnKXhPK (Justices of Peaces) d/ fBnkb/
jB. fJj e?ANB ft~u j[zd/ jB.;ko/ d/P ft~u brGr 300 nfij/ fBnkb/ jB. fJBK ft~u fBnKXhP Bz{ PKsh
fBnKXhP efjzd/ jB. T[; dh fB:[esh okPNogsh eodk j?. fJj fBnkb/ dhtkBh ns/ c"idkoh d't/A gqeko
d/ w[~edfwnK dk fBoDk eod/ jB. fJBK fBnkfbnK dk ekoi ;wkfie fdqPNhe'D s'A pj[s wj~stg{oD j?.
fJzrb?Av ft~u PKsh fBnKXhP nt?sfBe j[zd/ jB id'A fe cqK; ft~u g{oD ;t?sfBe eowukoh.
gqkozfGe fBnkbk L
gqkozfGe fBnkbk L
gqkozfGe fBnkbk L PKsh fBnKXhP d/ fBnkb/ d/ T[Zgo gqkozfGe fBnkbk (Courts of the first Instance)
gqkozfGe fBnkbk L
gqkozfGe fBnkbk L
j[zdk j?. fJ; ft~u 15 fBnKXhP j[zd/ jB. dhtkBh wkwfbnK ft~u fJ; dk nfXeko y/so ;hfws j?. 3000
cq?Ae s'A nfXe d/ dhtkBh w[~edfwnK ft~u fJ; Bz{ gqkozfGe y/sokfXeko gqkgs j?.
g[Bokt/dB fBnkbkL gqkozfGe fBnkfbnK d/ T[Zgo g[Bokt/dB fBnkb/ j[zd/ jB.fJ~e fBnkb/ dk y/sokfXeko
g[Bokt/dB fBnkbkL
g[Bokt/dB fBnkbkL
g[Bokt/dB fBnkbkL
g[Bokt/dB fBnkbkL
;~s fvgkoNw?ANK s~e j[zdk j?. cqK; ft~u nfij/ 27 fBnkb/ jB. jo fBnkb/ ft~u fszB ftGkr j[zd/ jB dhtkBh
, c"idkoh ns/ d'P'o'gD ftGkr. jo ftGkr ft~u gzi fBnKXhP j[zd/ jB. fJ; fBnkb/ dk e'Jh w"fbe
nfXeko y/so BjhA j?. fJ; dk s~E ;zpzXh fBoDk nzfsw j[zdk j?, gqzs{ ftXkfBe s~EK Bkb ;zpzfXs fBofDnK
d/ fto[ZX fBnkfbnK ft~u nghb ehsh ik ;edh j?.
fBP/X fBnkbk
fBP/X fBnkbk
fBP/X fBnkbk (Courts of Assize)LL LL L fBP/X fBnkbk n;fEo fBnkbk j?. fJj t~v/ t~v/ BroK dk tkoh
fBP/X fBnkbk
fBP/X fBnkbk
tkoh d"ok eodk j? ns/ w[e~dfwnK dk c?;bk eodk j/. fJj cqK; dk dzfvs fBnkbk j? fi; ft~u nfXe rzGho
c"idkoh wkwfbnK d/ gqkozfGe fBnkb/ d/ fBoD/ dh nghb ehsh ik ;edh j?.fJ; ft~u fiT{oh dh ;jkfJsk
Bkb fBnkb/ dk fBoDk nzfsw j[zdk j? , T[;d/ fto[ZX nghb BjhA ehsh ik ;edh.
L f
ftokw fBnkbk (Court of Cessation)L f
L f
L ftokw fBnkbk cqK; dk ;ot^T[Zu fBnkbk j?.fJ; d/ ;zrmB
ftokw fBnkbk
ftokw fBnkbk L f
ftokw fBnkbk
ftokw fBnkbk
ns/ ekoi Gkos iK nwohek d/ ;ot^T[Zu fBnkb/ s'A fGzB jB. fJ; ft~u fJ~e wjknfXneP, 3 ftGkrh
nfXneP ns/ 45 j'o fBnKXhP j[zd/ jB, fiBK Bz{ gkoPd (Councillors) efjzd/ jB. fJ; dh p?me g?fo;
ft~u j[zdh j/. fJ; d/ fszB ftGkr jB^ gqkoEBk ftGkr (Chamber of Request), dhtkBh (civil) ftGkr
ns/ dzv ftGkr. fszB/ ftGkr nkgDk nkgDk ezw eod/ jB. fJj e/tb g[Bokt/dfBe fBnkbk j?.ukj/ fJj
fBnkbk Gkos dh ;ot^T[Zu ndkbs iK fJzrb?Av dh fgqth gfoPd dh fBnKfJe ;fwsh dh soK BjhA j?,
fco th i' rfowk gqkgs j?/, Uj PkfJd jh fe;/ j'o ndkbs Bz{ gqkgs j't/.
(y) gqPk;eh fBnkbk
(y) gqPk;eh fBnkbk
(y) gqPk;eh fBnkbk (Administrative Council)L gqPk;eh fBnkb/ d/ d' ;so jB^
(y) gqPk;eh fBnkbk
(y) gqPk;eh fBnkbk
gqkd/fPe gfoPdL
gqkd/fPe gfoPdL
gqkd/fPe gfoPdL
gqkd/fPe gfoPdLfBwB Xoksb T[Zs/ gqkd/fPe gfoPd (Regional Council) j? . jo gfoPd dk ekoi
gqkd/fPe gfoPdL
y/so 2 s'A 7 fvgkoNw?AN s~e ofjzdk j?. fJBK dh e[b ;zfynk 23 j?. gqPk;B ;zpzXh w[e~dw/ ;G s'A gfjbK
fJBK fBnkfbnK ft~u nkUAd/ jB.
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