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fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
toswkB fogpfbeB ns/ v/w'e/qfNe db dk iBw–
toswkB fogpfbeB ns/ v/w'e/qfNe db dk iBw–e'Jh th db Bk sK ;dk d/ bJh ;~sko{V jh
toswkB fogpfbeB ns/ v/w'e/qfNe db dk iBw– BØN
toswkB fogpfbeB ns/ v/w'e/qfNe db dk iBw–
toswkB fogpfbeB ns/ v/w'e/qfNe db dk iBw–
ofj ;edk j? ns/ Bk T[;dh J/esk jh pDh ofj ;edh j?. fogpfbeB r[N th d' fj~f;nK ftu tzfvnk
B?PBb fogpbfeB
B?PBb fogpbfeB
frnk.B?PBb fogpbfeBB?PBb fogpbfeB (National Republicans), fi; Bz{ tfjr (Whigs) th efjzd/ jB ns/
B?PBb fogpbfeB
v/w'e/qfNe fogpfbeB
v/w'e/qfNe fogpfbeB
v/w'e/qfNe fogpfbeB (Democratic Republicans) fi;Bz{ f;oc v/w'eq/fNe (Democratic
v/w'e/qfNe fogpfbeB
v/w'e/qfNe fogpfbeB
v/w'eq/N
v/w'eq/N
Republic), fi;Bz{ f;oc v/w'eq/N v/w'eq/N (Democrat) th fejk iKdk j?. jftr nB[dko ;B ns/ v/w'eq/N;
v/w'eq/N
T[dko. 1828 JhH v/w'eq/fNe db ;~sko{V j'fJnk. T[;dk B/sk i?e;B (Jackson) okPNogsh fBotkfus
j'fJnk. 1840 se v/w'e/qfNe ;~sko{V oj/. gozs{ dk; gqEk d/ gqPB B/ d't/A dbK Bz{ iV s' fjbk fdsk.
v/w'eq/fNe db dh ;fEsh ewi'o j' rJh. fco th T[;dh j'Ad pDh ojh. tfjr db dk s/ iV s'A BkP
j' frnk ns/ T[;d/ GrBkt/P T[s/ toswkB fogfbeB db (Republic Party) dk iBw j'fJnk fJ;
gqeko w"fbe fogpbeB db e/ ntP/P T[s/ toswkB d't/A okiBhfse dbK dk T[dGt j'fJnk –
fogpbfeB db ns/ v/w'feqN; db.
1860 d/ pknd ftek;–
1860 d/ pknd ftek;–1860 JhH ftu fogpfbeB db d/ j~E ftu Pk;B ;Zsk nkJh ns/ fbzeB
1860 d/ pknd ftek;–
1860 d/ pknd ftek;–
1860 d/ pknd ftek;–
okPNogsh fBotkfus j'fJnk. 1861 s'A 1885 JhH se fogpfbeB db Pk;B ftu nkfJnk. rqfj :[~X d/
pknd d't/A dbK ftu w[~y nzso nk:ks–fBo:ks ns/ f;~ek ;zpzXh Bhsh d/ ;zpzX ftu ;h. fogpfbeB db
T[es nk:ks–fBo:ks N?e; ns/ ;ozfyne Bhsh d/ gZy ftu ;h ns/ v/w'eq/fNe db nk:ks–fBo:ks N?e;
Bz{ xNkT[D d/ gZy ftu ;h. nkofEe Bhsh d/ nbktk d't/A dbK ftu e'Jh ftP/P nzso BjhA ;h. nzs ftu
v/w'e/qfNe db B/ Ee e/ fJ; gqPB Bz{ nkgD/ gb/Nckow s'A jNk fd~sk.
1912 JhH ftu dbhJ/ ftnt;Ek ftu gfotosB nkfJnk. fogpfbeB db ftu nKsfoe ftdo'j j'fJnk.
cb;o{g v/w'eq/fNe T[whdtko ftb;B okPNogsh fB:[es j'fJnk. 19thA Pskpdh dk gqPB pD frnk.
ftb;B fco s'A u[fDnk frnkl :[ZX ;wkgs j' frnk ns/ okPNo ;zx (League of Nations) d/ nB[;woEB
dk gqPB ;hB/N d/ ;kjwD/ nkfJnk. ;hB/N B/ fJ; ;zXh Bz{ n;theko eo fd~sk. v/w'eq/fNe db nb'efgqn
j' frnk. 1920 JhH ftu T[;dh eokoh jko j'Jh ns/ fogpfbeB db dh fi~s j'Jh, gozs{ fJ; db d/ Pk;B
ekb ftu nkofEe ;zeN dh ;wf;nk g?dk j'Jh fi; Bz{ ;[bMk BjhA ;fenk. v/w'eq/fNe db B/ BthA Bhsh
(New Deal) dh x'PDk ehsh fi;B/ iBsk Bz{ nkeofPs ehsk. 1932 JhH ftu v/w'eq/fNe db dk T[whdko
vkH o{it/bN okPNogsh fBotkfus j'fJnk. fJ; db B/ d{i/ ftPt:[~X dk ;kjwDk ehsk. fJ; db ek Pk;B
20 ;kbK se fojk. 1952 JhH ftu fogpfbeB db d[pkok gqG[st ftu nkfJnk ns/ nkJh;Bjkto
okPNgsh gd T[s/ nk;hB j'fJnk. 1960 JhH se fJ; db tk tkJhN jkT[; T[s/ nfXeko fojk. 1960
d/ d;zpo d/ fBotkuB ftu fogpfbeB T[whdtko fBe;B Bz{ jok e/ v/w'eq/fNe T[whdtko e/B/vh okPNogsh
fBotkfus j'fJnk. ;' Pk;B d[pkok v/w'eq/fNe db d/ j~E ftu ubk nkfJnk. 1964 JhH ftu e?B/vh d[pkok
okPNogsh fBotkfus j'fJnk. ekoi–ekb g{ok eoB d/ gfjb/ jh e?B/vh dh j~fsnk eo fd~sh rJh. T[g–
okPNogsh ikB;B okPNogsh d/ gd T[s/ nk;hB j'J/. 1964 JhH d/ fBotkuB ftu ikB;B B/ fogpfbeB
T[whdtko r'bvtkNo (Goldwater) Bz{ jokfJnk. 1968 ftu fBe;B B/ i' fogpfbeB d/ ;B okPNogsh
fBotkfus j'J/. d[pkok 1977 ftu w/ertoBw/ertoB
w/ertoB
w/ertoB Bz{ jok e/ fBe;B d{ih tko okPNogsh u[D/ rJ/. ekbKso
w/ertoB
ftu fBe;B d/ fsnkr–gZso d/D d/ pknd ekoNo okPNogsh j'J/. fco fogpfbeB db d/ ikoi p[~P
okPNogsh j'J/. 1992 dh u'D ftu v/w'e/qfNe fpb febzNB ikoi p[P B{z jok e/ okPNogsh fBotkfus j'J/
i' ni/ th nw/foek d/ okPNogsh jB. fJ; gqeko fgSb/ ;" ;kbK ftu fogpfbeB ns/ v/w'eq/fNe dbK d
ftu Pk;B dk T[bN c/o j[zdk fojk j?.
okiBhfse dbK dk ;zrmB (
okiBhfse dbK dk ;zrmB (
okiBhfse dbK dk ;zrmB ( )L
okiBhfse dbK dk ;zrmB (
okiBhfse dbK dk ;zrmB (Organisation of Political Parties)L )L)L )L ;z:[es–oki ftu db–;zrmB d/
d' ;gPN Gkr jB, gozs{ d''t/A GkrK ftu gkozgfoe ;zpzX jB – (e) ;EkJh ;zrmB (Permanent
Organisation) i' fgokfwv d/ nkeko tork j?. fJ;s/ sb s'A u'Nh se ftfGzB g~XoK T[s/ db–;whshnK
jB, fit/A – ;EkBe, ekT[ANh, oki ns/ okPNo dh ;whshnK. (y) ;kwfJe iK n;EkJh ;zrmB fi; ftu
db d/ gqkEfwe ;zrmB ns/ ;zw/bB T[b/yBh jB. T[j ;kb ftu fJe tko iK T[; s'A fInkdk ;w/A d/ nzso
s/ fwbd/ jB ns/ db ;zrmBK Bkb ;zpzfXs wj~stg{oB gqPBK dk fBoDk eod/ jB.
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