Page 301 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ;z:[es oki nw/foek ftu th okiBhfse dbK dh ;zftXkB–fBowksktK B/ ng/ePk ehshl fJE'A se fe T[BQK
B/ fJBQK dk y[b/ nkw fto'X ehsk. gozs{ nkPk ;cbhG{s Bk j' ;eh. “T[BQK B/ fi; fPbk Bz{ n;theko eo
fd~sk ;h, T[jh fPbk Pk;B g~Xsh dk gqw[Zy e'Bk pD rJh.” nZi okiBhfse db nwfoek d/ ihtB d/ nfGzB
nzr pD rJ/ jBl T[j ;zftXkfBe ;z;EktK Bz{ nkeko–gqeko ns/ ;zihtsk gqdkB eod/ jB.

;zftXkB–fBowksktK dk fdqPNhe'D–
;zftXkB–fBowksktK dk fdqPNhe'D–nwoheh ;zftXkB d/ fBowksk db ftnt;Ek ftu ftPtk; Bjh
;zftXkB–fBowksktK dk fdqPNhe'D–
;zftXkB–fBowksktK dk fdqPNhe'D–
;zftXkB–fBowksktK dk fdqPNhe'D–
eod/ ;B. T[j dbK Bz{ Pzek dh fdqPNh Bkb d/yd/ ;B. fJzBk jh BjhA, T[j nfijh Pk;B ftnt;Ek dk
fBowkD eoBk ukj[zd/ ;B i' okiBhfse dbK dh r[NpzdhnK s'A go/ j't/. T[BQK dk ftPtk; ;h fe okiBhfse
dbpzdh Bkb okPNoh J/esk Bz{ nkxks gjz[usk j?, feT[aAfe okiBhfse db ebfj, c[~N, Sb–egN nkfd p[oh
gqftoshnK Bz{ g'qs;kfjs eod/ jB. T[BQK Bz{ vo ;h fe dbhJ/ GktBk d/ ftek; Bkb T[BQK d/ Btiks gqikszso
w/fvf;B
w/fvf;B
w/fvf;B
dh j'Ad ftg~shrq;s j' ikJ/rk. w/fvf;Bw/fvf;B B/ dbpzdh dh fBzdk eod/ j'J/ fejk ;h fe “fJe ;zrms ;zx ftu
dbtkd Bz{ s'VD ns/ T[;Bz{ fBnzfsqs eoB dh nkgD/ nkg fJe gqftosh j[zdh j? ns/ fJ; gqftosh dk finkdk
tkfPzrNB
tkfPzrNB th okiBhfse dbK dk gqpb fto'Xh ;h. T[;B/ nkgD/
s'A finkdk ftek; j'Dk ukjhdk j?.” tkfPzrNBtkfPzrNB
tkfPzrNB
ftdkJh GkPD (Farewell Address) ftu nwoheh iBsk Bz{ “db–GktBk d/ ftBPNekoh gqGkt” (The
bateful effects of the spirit of party) d/ fto[ZX u/sktBh fdZsh ns/ T[; Bz{ dpkT[D d/ bJh “fJe o{g
ikroD” (Uniform, Vigilance) dk Bkok fd~sk. T[;B/ fejk ;h – “dbrs ftdt/P ftu ;G d/ bJh
p[okJh ns/ B[e;kB S[fgnk j'fJnk j?. ;' jo fJe p[ZXhwkB ftnesh dk fJj ;fji coi j? fe T[j nfijh
GktBktK dk dwB eo/ ns/ T[BQK s'A pu/. dbrs ftdt/P s'A b'efgqn ;z;EktK ewI'o j[zdhnK jB ns/ gqPk;B
ftu d[opbsk nkT[Adh j?. fJj (dbhJ/ GktBk) ;wki Bz{ nkXko ofjs ftdt/P ns/ M{mh nkeKfynk B/
T[dt/fbs eodh j?, T[;d/ fJe Gkr Bz{ d{i/ Gkr d/ gqsh d[PwDh d/ bJh T[GkodhnK j? ns/ ;w/A–;w/A T[s/
ftdo'j ns/ dzr/ dk ekoB pDdh j?.”
c/vjfb;N ns/ n?ANh c/vofb;N–
c/vjfb;N ns/ n?ANh c/vofb;N–
c/vjfb;N ns/ n?ANh c/vofb;N–
c/vjfb;N ns/ n?ANh c/vofb;N–
c/vjfb;N ns/ n?ANh c/vofb;N–Gkt/A fcbkv/bfcnk ;zw/bB d/ gqshfBXhrD okiBhfse dbK d/ gqpb
fto'Xh ;B fco th ;zw/bB ftu dbK dk nze[o c[~N u[fenk ;h. gqshfBXhrD dbhJ/ nkXko go tzv/ ikD
br/ ;B, Gb/ jh T[BQK B/ edh nfijk nB[Gt BjhA ehsk. ;zw/bB ftu gqshfBXhrD d' r[NK ftu tzv/ j'J/
;B – ;zxtkdh ns/ ;zx fto'Xh (Federalist and anti-Pederalist). ;zxtkdh ;zx–;oeko Bz{ PeshPkbh
pDkT[Dk ukj[zd/ ;B ns/ okiK Bz{ nXhB;E fJekJhnK. fJ;d/ ftgohs ;zx–fto'Xh oki–;oekoK Bz{
PeshPkbh pDkT[D d/ gZy ftu ;B. ;zftxkB d/ nB[;woEB d/ ;w/A th fJj r[N pD/ oj/. ;zxtkdh r[N
B/ oki ;zw/bBK ftu ;zftXkB dk ;woED ehsk. idfe ;zx–fto'Xh r[N B/ fto'X. gozs{ ;zftXkB
nB[;woEB d/ Bkb ;zx fto'Xh r[N ;dk d/ bJh ;wkgs j' frnk.

fogpfbez; dk nkrwB–
fogpfbez; dk nkrwB–
fogpfbez; dk nkrwB–tkfPzrNB d/ d't/A r[NK B/ wsG/d Bz{ d{o eoB dk isB ehsk. wzsohwzvb ftu
fogpfbez; dk nkrwB–
fogpfbez; dk nkrwB–
i/co;B ns/ j/fwbNB
i/co;B ns/ j/fwbNB
i/co;B ns/ j/fwbNB Bz{ T[; B/ ;EkB fd~skl gozs{ Pk;B T[s/ ;zxtkdh dk jh
d't/A r[NK d/ B/sktK – i/co;B ns/ j/fwbNB i/co;B ns/ j/fwbNB
fBnzsoD fojk. nkozG ftu iBsk B/ fJe ;[o Bkb ;oeko dk ;woEB ehsk, b/feB XBh tor d/ g~y ftu
j/fwbNB d/ ftntjko s'A fto'XhnK dk fJe nfijk tor yVk j'fJnk i' i/co;B dh nrtkJh ftu ;zrms
j'J/ ;B. fJj fogpfbeB (Republican) ejkT[D br/. tkfPzrNB d/ pknd n?vw; (Adams) d/ okPNoh
ekb ftu ;zxtkdh r[N ftu c[N j' rJh ns/ 1798 JhH ftu J/bhnB ns/ ;/fv;B n?eNJ/bhnB ns/ ;/fv;B n?eN (Alien and
J/bhnB ns/ ;/fv;B n?eN
J/bhnB ns/ ;/fv;B n?eN
J/bhnB ns/ ;/fv;B n?eN
Sedition Act) B/ T[BQK Bz{ nb'efgqn pDk fd~sk. cb;o{g 1800 JhH d/ fBotkuB ftu ;zxtkdh r[N Bz{ w[zj
dh ykDh gJh ns/ i/co;B dh nrtkJh ftu fogpfbeB r[N B/ fti/ gqkgs ehsh.
fogpfbeB r[N dh ;otT[usk–
fogpfbeB r[N dh ;otT[usk–fogpfbeB r[N BkrfoeK d/ gqkfeqse nfXeko T[s/ i'o fdzdk ;h idfe
fogpfbeB r[N dh ;otT[usk–
fogpfbeB r[N dh ;otT[usk–
fogpfbeB r[N dh ;otT[usk–
w/vh;B ns/ w[Bo
;zxtkdh r[N ;[szsosk dh ng/ePk ftnt;Ek T[s/. i/co;B d/ pknd w/vh;B ns/ w[Bow/vh;B ns/ w[Bo' okPNogsh
w/vh;B ns/ w[Bo
w/vh;B ns/ w[Bo
fBotkfus j'J/ i' fogpfbeB ;B. 1824 JhH se fJ;/ r[N dk Pk;B fojk. ;zxtkdh r[N j'bh–j'bh ;wkgs
j'D brk, fJE'A se fe 1820 ftu T[;B/ nkgDk T[whdtko okPNogsh gd bJh yVk th BjhA ehsk. fJ;
soQK fJj db ;dk d/ bJh ;wkgs j' frnk. 1800 s'A 1824 JhH se d/ ekb dk fe;/ gqeko dh r[Npzdh
fJfsjk;ekoK
d/ nGkt d/ ekoB fJfsjk;ekoK
fJfsjk;ekoK
fJfsjk;ekoK
fJfsjk;ekoK B/ ‘T[Zsw GktBktK dk ;[Bfjok fdB‘ (Golden Age of good feelings)
fejk j?.
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