Page 298 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
Ugukfoe o{g Bkb db dk rmB 19thA Pshpdh ftu j'fJnk. go fit/A fe T[dkotkdhnK dk efjDk j?, fJ; BØN
db dh j'Ad rqfj :[~X ns/ ;[Bfjoh eqKsh d/ ;w/A s'A ubdk nk fojk j? ns/ fJj tfjr (Whigs) dk
p/bh
p/bh dk efjDk j? fe “ftrs fszB PskpdhnK ftu tfjr
T[sokfXekoh j?. fJ;d/ fJfsjk; d/ pko/ ftu p/bhp/bh
p/bh
db ns/ T[dkotkdh db eJh gfjb{nK s'A r[io u[fenk j?. edh fJj XfBeK dk db fojk j? s/ edh fJj
db dfbsK dk ;ozfyne fojk j?l edh fJ;B/ PKsh dk db ns/ edh em'o gqsheko eoB tkb/ db dk o{g
XkoB ehsk j?, edh fJj :dGkftnw dk ;woEe pfDnk j?, s/ edh nkofEe fB:'iB dk gZyg'PD fojk
j?, edh fJj ;wokitkd dk db fojk j?, sK edh fJ;B/ f;oc S'N/ fij/ fJzrb?Av dk ;woEB ehsk j?.
;kXkoD s"o s/ ;fjPD[sk ;woEe fojk j?, go e[M ;wK pj[s w[Pfeb n;fjPD[sk dh th fojk j?.”
gozs{ nZi T[;dh Pesh xZN j' rJh j? ns/ wid{o db B/ T[;dk ;EkB b? fbnk j?. tk;st ftu, T[dko
db ;?fBe nc;oK dh fJe c"i j? fi; ftu gfonkgs ;?fBeK dh ewh j?. toswkB okiBhfse gqftosh
s'A fJj nkPk ehsh iKdh j? fe fBeN GftZy ftu fJzrb?Av d/ okiBhfse y/so s'A fJj db g{oD s"o s/
pfjPfeqs j' ikJ/rk. fJ; db w[~y T[d/P j/m fby/ jB–
(i) T[dko db jo y/so ftu ;[szsosk dk g'Pe j?. Xkofwe ns/ okiBhfse ;[szsosk dk fJ;B/ ;d?t
;woEB ehsk j?. ftnkge wskfXeko ns/ b'efgqn ;zgqG[sk d/ bJh fJ;B/ ;zxoP ehsk j?.
(ii) fJj db B/ ;d?t Pk;B dh soc gqshpzX brkT[D dk fto'X ehsk j? ns/ :E/Skukfosk Bhsh (Laizzez
faire) dk ;woEB ehsk j?.
(iii) T[dkotkdh ;wkitkd dk fto'X dk fto'X eod/ jB ns/ g{zihtkd ftu gfonkgs ;[Xko fbnkT[Dk ukj[zd/
jB.

(iv) Gkt/A T[j ;wkitkdh BjhA jB, fco th d' wkorK s'A T[j ;wkitkd dh ;EkgBk dk isB eod/ jB.
gfjbk fiB T[fd:'rK Bz{ oki nkgD/ j~E ftu b? ;edk j?, T[BQK dk T[j ;wkiheoD ukj[zd/ jBl d{ik T[j
;wkfie ;fj:'r d/ f;XKs Bz{ ngDkT[Ad/ jB.
(v) g{zihtkd ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D d/ bJh T[j ;zgsh d/ ft;sko (Diffusion) d/ g~ygksh jB, noEks T[j
ukj[zd/ jB fe ;ko/ T[fd:'rK ftu PqfweK Bz{ bkG ftu fjZ;k fwb/. fJ; T[d/P dh g{osh d/ bjh T[j T[fd:'rK
dk gqikszsoheoD ukj[zd/ jB.
(vi) T[dkotkdh Bk s/ g{oD s"o s/ ;[szso T[fd:'r XzX/ tkb/ oki ftu ftPtk; oyd/ jB ns/ Bk g{oB
;wkihfeqs oki ftu. pbfe T[j, fJe fwbh–i[bh ftnt;Ek ;Ekfgs oyDk ukj[zd/ jB fi; ftu d't/A fBfjs
j'D.
(vii) T[dkotkdh ;woki d/ fto'Xh jB ns/ Bowtkdh t?d/fPe Bhsh ftu ftPtk; eod/ jB.
;zrmB–
;zrmB–
;zrmB–
;zrmB–T[dkotkdh db d/ ;zrmB d/ pko/ ftu fejk iKdk j? fe fJj ;?BkBkfJeK dk fJe nfijk db j? fi;
;zrmB–
ftu gfonkgs ;?fBeK dh ewh j?. P[o{ ftu fJ; ftu eJh torK d/ w?Apo ;B fit/A g/P/to tgkoh wfXnw
tor d/ Bkrfoe, S'N/–S'N/ d[ekBdo e[M XfBe feqPe, Bro d/ Pqfwe nkfd. gozs{ nZi fJ;Bz{ Bk sK
pj[;zfyne e[bhB tor dk ;woEB gqks j? ns/ Bk Pqfwe tor dk jh. feT[Afe fJ;B/ g{zihtkd ns/
;wkitkd d/ ftu dk wkor ngDk ofynk j? fJ; bJh fJj XfBe ns/ Pqfwe d'tK ftu'A fe;/ Bz{ th nkgD/
gZy ftu eo ;eD ftu n;woE jB. nZi b'e;Gk ftu fJ; db ;fEsh Bk d/ pokpo j' rJh j?. 1966
dh u'D ftu T[;Bz{ f;oc 12 ;EkB gaqkgs j'J/ ;B. dbhJ/ ;zrmB dk fiE/ se gqPB j?l T[dkotkdh db
dk fJe okPNoh ;zrmB j? fi; B{z okPNoh T[dkotkdh ;zx (National Liberal Federation) efjd/ jB.
fJ: ;zrmB dh jo ;kb fJe p?me j[zdh j?. fi; Bz{ T[dkotkdh ;kbkBk ;zw/bB (Liberal Annual
Assembly) fejk iKdk j?. fJj ;zw/bB db (Liberal RDP Alliance) d/ o{g ftu u'D bV e/ T[;/ 26
gqshPs t'N gqkgs ehs/ ns/ 21 ;EkBK s/ fi~s gqkgs ehsh.
(r) wid{o db (
(r) wid{o db (
(r) wid{o db (The Labour Party)L)L )L)L )L wid{o db fJzrb?Av ftu ;otjkok tor d/ nzd'bB dk
(r) wid{o db (
(r) wid{o db (
okiBhfse w{os;o{g j?. fJj T[fd:'frd eqKsh dk cb j? ns/ thjthA Pskpdh dh fi~s j?. fJ;dh ;EkgBk
1900 JhH ftu j'Jh n/s 1922 JhH d/ nkw–fBotkuB d/ pknd d/P dk ;G s'A t~vk d{ik db wzfBnK ikD
brk j?. fJ; db d/ T[d/P j/m fby/ jB.

293

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY