Page 293 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN j?, db d/ ;otT[Zu B/sk dk sK fJzBk fInkdk wjZst j? fe T[;d/ ftneshst T[s/ jh u'D bVh iKdh j?.
fejk th iKdk j?, “iBsk fe;/ db Bz{ BjhA pbfe Gkth gqXkBwzsoh Bz{ ws fdzdh j?.”
nB[Pk;B dk gkbD eotkT[Dk –
nB[Pk;B dk gkbD eotkT[Dk – okiBhfse dbK dk fJe wj~stg{oB ezw fJj th j? fe T[j db d/
nB[Pk;B dk gkbD eotkT[Dk –
nB[Pk;B dk gkbD eotkT[Dk –
nB[Pk;B dk gkbD eotkT[Dk –
w?ApoK ns/ db dh ;jkfJsk Bkb u[D/ rJ/ ;z;d w?ApoK Bz{ nB[Pkf;s oZyD ns/ T[BQK Bz{ db dh Bhsh ns/
g'qrokw s'A ftufbs Bk j'D d/D. nB[Pk;B Bz{ pDk e/ o~yD bJh db d/ nkgD/ :zso j[zd/ jB fit/A–;z;d
ftu db ;u/se w?ApoK T[s/ fBrokBh oyd/ ns/ o;sk d;d/ jB.
okiBhfse fIzt/tkoh–
okiBhfse fIzt/tkoh–okiBhfse dbK dk ;otgqw[Zy ekoi okiBhfse fIzw/tkoh Bz{ Y'Dk j?. fJ; ftP/P
okiBhfse fIzt/tkoh–
okiBhfse fIzt/tkoh–
okiBhfse fIzt/tkoh–
Bhsh Bz{ ngDkT[Ad/ jB fi;dh ;thfeqsh iBsk d[nkok fwbdh j?.T[j u'D ;w/A d/ T[; Bhsh Bz{ ekoio{g
d/D dh gqfs~frnk eod/ jB. ;~sk ftu nkT[D T[s/ T[j T[;d/ bJh ekBz{B pDkT[Ad/ ns/ gqPk;eh ns/
t?d/fPe BhshnK dk ;zukbB eod/ jB. b'e;Gk ftu pj[ws gqkgs db d/ :zsoK ns/ ;z;d d/ ;dBK
d/ B/sktK Bkb ;zpzX ;Ekgs eo e/ ;oeko s'A nkgDh Bhsh dk nB[;oD eotkT[Adk j?. i/eo ;z;d ftu
;oeko d/ fto'Xh db (His Majesty's Opposition) d/ o{g ftu nkT[Adk j? sK T[;dh fIzw/tkoh pdb iKdh
j? fi; Bz{ T[j ;oeko dh nb'uBk, fto'X ns/ ;[Mkn d[nkok g{ok eodk j?.

fpqN/B ftu okiBhfse dbK dk ft;sko ns/ ftek;
fpqN/B ftu okiBhfse dbK dk ft;sko ns/ ftek;
fpqN/B ftu okiBhfse dbK dk ft;sko ns/ ftek; (Growth and
fpqN/B ftu okiBhfse dbK dk ft;sko ns/ ftek;
fpqN/B ftu okiBhfse dbK dk ft;sko ns/ ftek;
Development of Parties in Britain)
nkozG–
nkozG–
nkozG–fJzrb?Av d/ d' okiBhfse dbK dk fJfsjk; pj[s g[okDk j?. gzdoQthA Pskpdh ftu T[BQK dk phiko'gD
nkozG–
nkozG–
:kofe;N' d/ ftu MrVk P[o{ j'fJnk. irhodko ;kwzs
bzek;Nko
:kofe;N'
bzek;Nko
bzek;Nko ns/ :kofe;N':kofe;N'
j'fJnk. okirZdh d/ d' dkt/dko – bzek;Nkobzek;Nko :kofe;N'
th d't/A dkt/dkoK Bz{ ;jkfJsk eoB d/ ekoB d' r[NK ftu tzv rJ/ – bzek;NqhnB ns/ :kfe;N r[N. go
fJj r[N okiBhfse db BjhA ;B. ;N[noN ekb ftu okik ns/ ;z;d d/ ftu ;zxoP nkozG j'fJnk. okik
okT[Avj/v;
e?t/fbno;
e?t/fbno;
okT[Avj/v; (Roundheads) ejkJ/. fco
e?t/fbno; (Cavlliers) ns/ ;z;d d/ ;woEe okT[Avj/v;okT[Avj/v;
d/ ;woEe e?t/fbno; e?t/fbno; okT[Avj/v;
J/e;eb{iB fpb
J/e;eb{iB fpb
J/e;eb{iB fpb
ukob; d{i/ B/ 1679 JhH ftu J/e;eb{iB fpb J/e;eb{iB fpb (Exclusion Bill) Bz{ b? e/ id ;z;d Bz{ Gzr eo fdZsk,
g/NhPBo;
g/NhPBo;
sK fpb d/ ;woEeK B/ ;z;d Bz{ p[bkT[D dh p/Bsh ehshl T[BQK B/ g/NhPBo;g/NhPBo; (Petitioners) fejk frnk
g/NhPBo;
n?p'oo;
n?p'oo;
n?p'oo; (Abborrers) dh ;zfrnk fd~sh rJh. go fJBQK
ns/ fiBQK B/ fJ;dk fto'X ehsk ns/ T[BQK Bz{ n?p'oo; n?p'oo;
;zrmBK B{z th r[N jh efjDk fInkdk mhe j'J/rk ns/ okiBhfse db dh ;zfrnk nB[g:[es j't/rh. nkX[fBe
N'ohi
tfjr
N'ohi
N'ohi (Torries) ns/ tfjrtfjr (whigs) dbK d/ ftek; d/ Bkb j'fJnk.
noE ftu okiBhfse dbK dk iBw N'ohi N'ohi tfjr
tfjr
tfjr okik dh Pesh T[s/
e?t/fbno;
okT[Avj/v;
N'oh
tfjr
tfjr
tfjr N'oh okT[Avj/v; e?t/fbno; tfjr
e?t/fbno; d/ T[ZsonfXekoh ;B. tfjr tfjr
N'oh db, okT[Avj/v; okT[Avj/v;
okT[Avj/v; ns/ e?t/fbno;e?t/fbno;
tfjr
tfjr ns/ N'oh N'oh
tfjr
fBnzsoD brkT[D d/ gZy ftu ;B ns/ N'oh okik dk gow nfXeko o~yD d/ gZy ftu ;B. 1688 JhH s'A brGr
150 ;kb d't/A dbK tkoh tkoh Pk;B ubKT[Ad/ ;B .
nB[dko db ns/ T[dko db dk T[d/^;zB 1832 JhH d/ ;[Xko nfXfB:w s'A pknd dbK d/ BKtK ft~u
nB[dko db ns/ T[dko db dk T[d/^
nB[dko db ns/ T[dko db dk T[d/^
nB[dko db ns/ T[dko db dk T[d/^
nB[dko db ns/ T[dko db dk T[d/^
gfotosB j'fJnk ns/ nB[dko (conservatives) ns/ T[dko (Liberal) BK Bkb wPj{o j'fJnk. nB[dko
db N'oh db dk T[ZsokfXekoh ;h ns/ T[dko db jftr db dk. fJj db thjthA ;dh d/ gfjb/ uoD
fvio?bh
fvio?bh
rb?v;N'B
rb?v;N'B
s~e d/P dh okiBhsh s/ SkJ/ oj/. 19thA Pskpdh ft~u fJBK dbK dk ftek; fvio?bhfvio?bh rb?v;N'B
fvio?bh ns/ rb?v;N'Brb?v;N'B
fij/ okiBhfseK dh nrtkJh ft~u j'fJnk. d't/A dbK ftu w"fbe ;?XKfse wsG/d ;B. nB[dko db o{Vhtkd
dk g'Pe ;h ns/ okik d/ gownfXekoK, bkov–;Gk dh PeshnK, ;wokitkd ns/ g{zihtkd Bz{ neP{D oyDk
ukj[zdk ;h. T[dko db T[dkotkd T[s/ nkXkfos ;h ns/ gqrshPhb ;[XkoK d/ gZy ftu ;h, fit/A wskfXeko
dk ft;sko, nkfJob?Av dk ;toki, bkov–;Gk dk ;[Xko nkfd.
wid{o db dk T[d/–
wid{o db dk T[d/–
wid{o db dk T[d/–
wid{o db dk T[d/–thjthA ;dh ftu dbK dh ;fEsh ftu gfotosD j'fJnk. wid{o db dk T[d/ ns/
wid{o db dk T[d/–
T[dko db dh ftbhBsk fJ; ;dh dh gqw[Zy xNBk j?. ftnt;kfJe eqKsh d/ ekoB fJzrb?Av ftu fJe j'o
;zrms tor g?dk j'fJnk. wid{o tor eb–ekoykfBnK ftu ezw eoB tkb/ fJBQK PqfweK B/ Pqfwe ;zx
(Trade Unions) dh ;EkgBk ehsh. 1900 ftu fpqfNP Nq/v :{fBnB eKro; B/ fJe wid{o gqshfBXh
;whsh (Labour Representative Committee) dk fBowkD ehsk fi;dk T[d/P ;h ;z;d d/ fBotkuB ftu
wid{oK d/ fjsK d/ ;woEeK dk ;woEB eoBk. fJ;/ Bkb Pqfwe db dk iBw j'fJnk. gfjbk ftPt:[~X
se fJ; db dk e'Jh wjZst BjhA fojk. db d/ w?Apo T[dko db dk ;woEB eod/ ;B. go :[~X d/ pknd
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