Page 295 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN ;/tktK dh ;[ftXktK ns/ wid{o ;zrmBK d/ fdqVheoB T[s/ i'o fd~sk. d{ih soc d~yD gzEh nB[dko db
B/ nkofEe y/so ftu ftnesh T[s/ i'o fd~sk fi;B{z ni/ se oki B/ dpkfJnk j?. T[;B/ p/ekoh, wfjzrkJh
nkfd nkofEe ;wf;nktK Bz{ u'D dk w[Zdk BjhA pDkfJnk feT[Afe gfotko ns/ bx{ T[fd:'r torh S'NhnK
fJekJhnK Bz{ tkXk d/ e/ fJBQK Bz{ nk;kBh Bkb d{o ehsk ik ;edk j?.

gfjbh tko xo/b{ Bhsh dh irkj ftd/Ph Bhsh B/ u'D d/ w~[d/ d/ o{g ftu fInkdk wj~stg{oB G{fwek fBGkJh.
wid{o db B/ fJesock nkDfte fBP;soheoB ns/ BkN' (Nato) ns/ nkofEe :[o'fgnB ;zx (Economic
European Community) s'A fBebD dh x'PDk ehsh. gozs{ E?uo B/ t?d/fPe wkwb/ d/ nzsors d/P dh
;[oZfynk ns/ ckeb?Av dh fi~s Bz{ w[Zy w[Zdk pDkfJnk. ckeb?Av dh fi~s E?uo Bz{ fJe em'o Pk;B ns/ fdqV–
gqfs~r B/sk d/ o{g ftu gq;s[s ehsk. T[;dh ngqfsnkfPs fi~s dk fJjh ekoB pfDnk. ngqfsnkfPs
p/ekoh ns/ wzdh Bkb fto'Xh gZy Bz{ e[M th wdd BjhA fwbh.
nB[dko db dh fi~s dk w[~y ekoB T[;d/ B/sk E?uo d/ ftneshst dk fJe ‘fdqV ;zebg, em'o ns/
PeshPkbh’ Pk;e d/ o{g dk fByko ;h, fJe nfijk ftneshst i' nkgD/ ;zebgK Bz{ feqs o{g’ (Change
thoughts into action) d/ ;edk ;h, d/P dh ;[oZfynk dh tkrv'o Bz{ ;zGkb ;edk ;h ns/ fi;d/ e'b
d/P dh ;wf;nktK Bz{ ;[bMkT[D dh ‘:'rsk’ (Competence) ;h. fto'Xh gZy dh jko dk w[~y ekoB T[BQK
dh Bekoswe s;tho (Negative image) ;h, d{ih soc idfe E?uo dh ;ekokswe s;tho T[BQK d/ ;kwQD/
;h. wid{o db s'A d' ;kb gfjbK e[M T[rqtkdh B/sktK B/ n;shck d/ e/ ;wkitkdh b'esKsfoe db (S.D.P.)
dh ;EkgBk ehsh ;h ns/ T[BQK B/ T[dko db Bkb rmpzXB eo wid{o db dhnK t'NK Bz{ tzv fbnk. wid{o
db t?;/ th nzdo{Bh wBw[NktK ns/ bVkJh–MrfVnK d/ ekoB ewI'o g? frnk ;h. fco T[;d/ B/sk
wkJhe/b c{N d/ ‘Bow’ (Moderate) ftneshst B/ T[;Bz{ B/skftjhB pDk fdZsk ;h. iBsk dh BIo ftu c[~N
E?uo dk ftebg BjhA pD ;e/. ;' fJ; ftu e'Jh j?okBh BjhA fe nB[dko db Bz{ ngqfsnkfPs fi~s fwbh.

fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB
fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB
fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB (Aims and Organisation of
fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB
fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB
British Political Parties)
fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB ftu fGzBsk j?. fJ;dh tor–gqfeosh Bkb fJBQK dk T[d/P
fBoXkfos j[zdk j?. nB[dko db XfBe tor dk gqshfBXh j'D d/ ekoB o{Vhtkdh, wid{o db, Pqfwe torK
dk oZfyne j'D d/ ekoB gqrshtkdh ns/ T[dko db w~fXnw tor dh nrtkJh eoB d/ ekoB ;[Xkotkdh
j?. fJj fejk iKdk j? fe i/ ;[szsosk (Liberty), ;wkBsk (Equality) ns/ Goksqst (Fraternity)
dk d/PK d/ ftu ftsoD ehsk ikt/ sK fJzrb?Av ;[szsosk dk cqK; ;wkBsk dk ns/ nw/foek Goksqst dk
jedko j't/rk. d[pkok i/ fJBQK sZsK Bz{ fpqfNP okiBhfse dbK d/ ft~u tzfvnk ikt/ sK T[dko db Bz{ ;[szsosk,
nB[dko db Bz{ Goksqst ns/ Pqfwe db Bz{ ;wkBsk gqkgs j't/rh.
wid{o ns/ nB[dkodb d/ ;zrmB ftu e[M f;XKse G/d jB. nB[dko db ftu B/sk ;otPeshPkbh j[zdk
j?. Ugukfoe o{g ftu fe;/ d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh BjhA j[zdk, fJe tko B/sk fBotkfus j' ikD T[s/ fJ~Skgfonzs
B/sk pfDnk ofj ;edk j? wzsohwsvb dk fBowkD ;[szso o{g Bkb eodk j?, ns/ BhshnK dk fBoXkoD T[jh
eodk j?. fJ;d/ T[bN wid{o db ftu B/sk dh irkj db dk wj~st fInkdk j[zdk j?. dbhJ/ ;zw/bB db
dh Bhsh fBoXkfos eodk j? ns/ nXhB;E ;zrmBK Bz{ nkd/P fdzdk j?. fJ;d/ nbktk dbK d/ ;z;dh
;kotifBe ;zrmBK d/ ;zpzX ftu th G/d j?. wid{o db d/ ;z;dh ;zrmB Bz{ db d/ ;kotifBe ;zrmB d/
nXhB ;wfMnk iKdk j? idfe nB[dko db ftu ;kotifBe ;zrmB Bz{ ;;dh ;zrmB d/ nXhB. gozs{ d't/A dbK
ftu fJj G/d f;oc f;XKse jB, ftntjko ftu T[BQK ftu ftnkge ;wkBsk gkJh iKdh j?.
(e) nB[dko db d/ T[d/P (
(e) nB[dko db d/ T[d/P (Objectives of Conservative Party)L )L)L )L nB[dko db o{Vhtkdh ;zrmB j?.
(e) nB[dko db d/ T[d/P (
(e) nB[dko db d/ T[d/P ( )L
(e) nB[dko db d/ T[d/P (
fJj g[okDh gqEktK ns/ gozgoktK dk ;woEe j?. poN ;"oh;B B/ fejk th j? fe nB[dko db d/ Bkw Bkb
g[okDh gozgoktK ns/ g{otGkthnK (Traditions and precedents) dk p'X j[zdk j?. fJj db ukj[zdk j? fe
fJzrb?Av ftu ;wokN dh ;~sk neP[D pDh Bk oj/. okPNoh J/esk oj/, uou dk nkfXgfsn oj/ ns/
ftneshrs ;zgsh T[s/ oki dk nfXeko Bk oj/. fJ; bJh okiszso nkfd g[okDh ‘;z;EktK’ dh g[okDh
nkb'uBktK dk fJj db fto'X eodk j? ns/ okik Bz{ oki dk gqshe pDk e/ oyD d/ gZy ftu j?. fJj db

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