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fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
fJekJh^13L okiBhfse db
T[dko db dh Pesh xN j'D bZrh ns/ wid{o db T[;dk ;EkB b?D bZrk. gfjbh tko 1923 JhH ftu BØN
fJ; db B/ ;oeko pDkJh. fco 1929 JhH ns/ 1945 JhH ftu fJj ;~sko{V j'fJnk. fJ; gqeko T[dko
db eohp–eohp ;wkgs j' frnk ns/ d' okiBhfse db nykV/ ftu ofj rJ/ – nB[dko db ns/ wid{o
db.
;wkfie b'esKsfoe
;wkfie b'esKsfoe
1982 ftu wid{o db d/ e[M T[rqtkdh B/sktK B/ db s'A nbr j' e/ fJe Bt/A db ;wkfie b'esKsfoe;wkfie b'esKsfoe
;wkfie b'esKsfoe
db
db
db
db
db (Social Democratic Party) dh BhAt o~yh fi;B/ 1983 dh u'D ftu T[dko db Bkb rmpzXB eo
e/ u'D ftu fjZ;k fbnk ns/ ;Zs ;EkBK T[s/ fi~s gqkgs ehsh.
i{B 1983 dk b'e;Gk u'D–fJj u'D rq/N fpqN/B ftu thjthA ;dh dh wj~stg{oB okiBhfse xNBk j?.
i{B 1983 dk b'e;Gk u'D–f
i{B 1983 dk b'e;Gk u'D–f
i{B 1983 dk b'e;Gk u'D–f
i{B 1983 dk b'e;Gk u'D–f
;qhwsh
1900 JhH ftu ;?fb;poh u'D fi~s e/ brksko d' tko gqXkBwzsoh j'fJnk. fJ;/ gqeko 1983 ftu ;qhwsh ;qhwsh
;qhwsh
;qhwsh
E?uo
E?uo
E?uo
E?uo u'D fi~s e/ brksko d' tko gqXkBwzsoh pDh. fJ;d/ g{ot f;oc fJe tko ;~sko{V db fto'Xh db
E?uo
s'A 146 ;EkBK s/ n~r/ fojk j? fJ; tko fJj 145 ;EkBK s/ nZr/ fojk. d{i/ ftPt:[ZX d/ pknd dh fJj
“;G s'A tZvh u'D fi~s” (Biggest Poll Victory) ;h.
u'D dzrb ftu fszB gqshdtzdh w[~y ;B – nB[dko db, wid{o db ns/ T[dko–;wkfie b'esKsfoe db
rmpzXB (Libral Social Democratic Party Alliance). wsdkB d/ e/Adoh ftneshst ;B –
wkJhe/B c{N
wkJhe/B c{N
wkJhe/B c{N. u'D ‘E?uotkd pBkw ;wkitkd’ d/ ft~u ;h. b'efgqn w[~y Bkok ;h
wkorq/N E?uo
wkorq/N E?uo
wkorq/N E?uo
wkorq/N E?uo ns/ wkJhe/B c{N wkJhe/B c{N
wkorq/N E?uo
– ‘w?rh Bz{ t'N fdU’ (Vote for Maggie). E?uo B/ fJ; w"e/ dk fJ;s/wkb eo ;w/A s'A fJe ;kb gfjbK
jh u'D eok fd~sh. T[;dk gquko ;kbK dk ekoiekb pj[s T[s;kjiBe BjhA fojk ;h. d/P dh nkofEe jkbs
ftu froktN nkJh ;h. p/ekoh g~Swh d/PK ftu ;G s'A fInkdk fpqN/B ftu tXh ;h. T[fd:'fre T[sgkdB
10 gqshPs x~N frnk ;h. N?e; ns/ ;oekoh you ftu ewh BjhA nkJh ;h. t?;/ w[dqk;chsh (inflation)
dh do 4H6 gqshPs se EZb/ ofj rJh, go iBsk dh fd~esK ekch tX rJhnK ;B. xo/b{ wkwfbnK ftu
E?uo B/ Yhbh–Ykbh Bhsh ngDk o~yh ;h. ftd/Ph wkwfbnK ftu fJzrb?Av nw/foek dk fg~SbZr{nk pD frnk
;h. ftuko–wsdkB (Opinion Poll) ftu f;oc 26# b'eK B/ E?uo d/ g~y ftu ws fdZsk ;h. go
noi/NkJhBk Bz{ jok e/ ckeb?Av dhg T[s/ epik eo E?uo B/ nd[Zsh ;kj; dk ezw ehsk ns/ ;ys ns/
PeshPkbh ftneshst dk gfou? fdZsk. iBsk ftu T[;dh b'efgqnsk tXh. T[;B/ ;{Mp{M Bkb ezw fbnk
ns/ w"e/ dk ckfJdk u[~fenk. w~X ntXh u'D dh x'PDk eo e/ fto'Xh g~y Bz{ T[;B/ wks d/ fdZsh.
6 i{B 1983 dh u'D ftu 42 eo'V wsdksktK ftu'A 70 gqshPs wsdksktK B/ wsdkB ehsk. nB[dko db
dh ngqskfPs fi~s jk;b j'Jh b'e ;Gk d/ 650 ;EkBK ftu nB[dko db Bz{ 397 ;EkB, wid{o db Bz{ 209
;EkB ns/ T[dko–;wkitkdh b'esKsfoe db rmpzXB Bz{ 21 ;EkB gqkgs j'J/. nB[dko db Bz{ e[b wsK
d/ 43 gqshPs, wid{o db Bz{ 29 gqshPs ns/ rmpzXB Bz{ 26 gqshPs gqkgs j'J/. fJ; soQK nB[dko db
d/ gqkgs t'NK ftu froktN j'Jh feT[Afe fgSbhnK u'DK ftu T[; Bz{ eqwBkb 46 gqshPs ns/ 44 gqshPs
t'N gqkgs j'J/ ;B. go wid{o db ns/ rmpzXB d/ ftu t'NK dh tzv d/ ekoB T[; Bz{ pj[s fInkdk ;EkB
gqkgs j'J/. wid{o db Bz{ ;G s'A t~vh ugs b~rh. d{i/ wjk:[~X d/ pknd fJzBh dhB jkbs T[;dh edh BjhA
j'Jh ;h. rmpzXB d{i/ Bzpo T[s/ nkT[D dh T[whd eo fojk ;h. go T[;Bz{ th fBokPk jh j~E brh. gqKs
t'NK d/ nB[;ko T[;dk ;EkB shik s/ fojk jh, Bkb–Bkb T[; Bz{ ;EkB pj[s x~N gqkgs j'J/ ns/ T[;d/
okJ? i/fez;
okJ? i/fez;
okJ? i/fez;
fInkdkso B/sk jko rJ/. fJ; ;fEsh s'A fBokP j' e/ T[BQK d/ B/sk okJ? i/fez; okJ? i/fez; (Roy Jenkins) ns/
v/ftv ;Nhb (David Steel) B/ fJj vo ftnes ehsk fe iBsk ftu fJ; Bkb e'qX tX/rk. T[BQK B/ fJ;/
v/ftv ;Nh
v/ftv ;Nh b
v/ftv ;Nhb
v/ftv ;Nhbb
;zdoG ftu u'D ftnt;Ek ftu ;zP'XB fbnkT[D ns/ nB[gkfse gqshfBXhst (Proportional
representation) Bz{ ngDkT[D dh wzr ehsh. fco th 1920 d/ pknd T[dko db Bz{ gfjbh tko fJzB/
fInkdk t'N fwb/ ;B. wid{o db d/ B/sk wkJhe/b c{N (Michal Foot) B/ fJ; u'D Bz{ fJe ‘d[yKs xNBk’
(Tragedy) dh ;zfrnk fdZsh.
fJj u'D okitkd (Statism) ns/ ftneshtkd (Individualism) d/ ftu ;h. wid{o db B/ b'eK Bz{
oki dh nrtkJh ftu ;[Bfjok GftZy fbnkT[D dk tkfJdk ehsk fi; ftu p/ekoh ns/ wfjzrkJh ;wkgs
j' ikJ/rh. fJ;d/ bJh T[;B/ fJesock nkDfte fBP;soheoD (Uniateral nuclear disarmament) dk
tuB fd~sk feT[Afe nfijk eo e/ jh d/P dh nkofEe jkbs ftu ;[Xko fbnkfJnk ik ;edk ;h. iB
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