Page 108 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV tkrh gS) mPp tkfr osQ yksxksa dks nwf"kr dj ldrh gSA blh dkj.k ls nf{k.k Hkkjr esa MkDVj yksx vius 'kwnz
jksfx;ksa dh uCt ns[kus ls iwoZ vius gkFkksa dks js'keh diM+s ls <+d fy;k djrs FksA blh izdkj] Vksdjh cukus okys
¶ikue¸ rksM+h osQ isM+ ls rksM+h fudkyus okys fr;ku] iqy;ku] 'kkuu] vkfn nf{k.k Hkkjr dh fuEu tkfr osQ yksxksa
dks mPp tkfr osQ yksxksa osQ lkeus ,d fuf'pr nwjh rd vkus dh vuqefr ugha FkhA mPp tkfr osQ yksxksa ls mUgsa
viuh fLFkfr osQ vuqlkj dneksa dh nwjh cuk;s j[kuh gh iM+rh FkhA tkfr #f<+;ksa (mores) us bu vLi`'; yksxksa
dks lnSo vKku vkSj iru osQ vUèksjs esa èkosQyk gS D;ksafd ekU;rk osQ vuqlkj os vius iwoZ tUe osQ ikiksa dks Hkksx
jgs gSaA ysfdu orZeku esa bu tkfroknh yksxksa }kjk Fkksais x, fu"ksèk dkiQh de gks x, gSaA ;|fi ;s fu"ksèk oSèkkfud
#i ls gVk fn, x;s gSa vkSj vfèkdrj mPp tkfr;ksa osQ fgUnqvksa }kjk vifo=krk osQ Mj dks Hkh lkekftd #i ls
ugha ekuk tk jgk gS] fiQj Hkh oqQN èkkfeZd fozQ;k&dykiksa esa izfrcUèk tkjh gSa] ;|fi ykSfdd nSfud thou esa
bUgsa ykxw ugha fd;k tkrk gSA

6-1-2 bdkbZ osQ #i esa tkfr dh fo'ks"krk,¡

(v) iznÙk izfLFkfr (Ascribed Status)μtkfr esa O;fDr dh lnL;rk mlosQ tUe ls fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSA izR;sd
tkfr dk vU; tkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa D;ksafd ,d fuf'pr ntkZ (rank) gksrk gS] vr%O;fDr dh mPp o fuEu
izfLFkfr bl ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd ftl tkfr esa mldk tUe gqvk gS mldh deZdkaMh; izfLFkfr D;k gSA okLro
esa] ,d ijEijkfu"B fgUnw osQ thou dk izR;sd igyw mlosQ tUe ij vBdk gksrk gSA mlosQ ?kjsyw laLdkj o
jhfr&fjokt] mldh efUnj vkfn esa iwtk] mldh fe=k e.Myh] vkSj mldk O;olk;] lHkh oqQN ml tkfr osQ
Lrj ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSa ftlesa mlus tUe fy;k gSA
(c) vUrfoZokg (Endogamy)μizR;sd tkfr osQ lnL;ksa dks viuh gh tkfr ;k mitkfr esa fookg djuk gksrk
gSA bl izdkj vUrfoZokg tkfr lewgksa osQ chp ,d LFkk;h ckè; fLFkfr gSA
(l) fuf'pr O;olk; (Fixed Occupation)μizR;sd tkfr dk fuf'pr oa'kkuqxr is'kk gksrk gSA ,d iqjkuh

dgkor gS fd czkã.k lnSo czkã.k gksrk gS vkSj pekj lnSo pekj gksrk gSA oqQN O;olk; xUns (unclean) le>s
tkrs gSa ftl dkj.k tks O;fDr buesa yxs gksrs gSa os vLi`'; gks tkrs gSa vkSj ;fn dksbZ vU; bu O;olk;ksa dks
viukrk gS] rks mls tkfr ls cfg"o`Qr dj fn;k tkrk gS rkfd og tkfr dks nwf"kr u dj losQA ysfdu bldk
;g vFkZ Hkh ugha gS fd czkã.k tkfr esa lHkh czkã.kksa dks iafMrkbZ O;olk; esa gh lnSo yxk jguk gS ;k fiQj
lHkh jktiwrksa dks j{kk dk;Z esa yxus osQ dkj.k lsuk esa gh 'kkfey gksuk gSA oqQN ifjfLFkfr;ksa o'k ,d tkfr osQ
lnL; dks nwljk O;olk; djus dh vuqefr fey tkrh FkhA blh izdkj ,d gh tkfr dh fofHkUu mitkfr;k¡
fofoèk O;olk; viuk ysrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] [kfVd (dlkbZ) tkfr dh pkj mu&tkfr;ka mÙkj izns'k esa dlkbZ]
(csduokyk)] jktxhj (jktxj)] jLlh cukus okys (lksecV~V) rFkk iQy cspus osQ O;olk; esa esokiQjks"k yxs gSaA
blh izdkj caxky esa rsyh tkfr osQ nks Hkkx gS% ¶fryh¸ vkSj ¶rsyh¸A ¶fryh¸ rsy fudkyus rFkk ¶rsyh¸ rsy
cspus osQ dke esa yxs gSaA rsy fudkyus dk dke gs;n`f"V ls sns[kk tkrk gS D;ksafd blesa cht ls rsy fudyrk
gS] vr% mlesa thou (cht) dh gkfu gksrh gSA bl dkj.k ¶fryh¸ yksxksa dks vLi`'; ekuk tkrk gS] tcfd
¶rsyh¸ vLi`'; ugh ekus tkrsA ;fn ¶rsyh¸ tkfr esa ls dksbZ rsy fudkyus dk dke djus yxs rks mls tkfr
ls cfg"o`Qr dj fn;k tkrk gSA O;olk; ifjorZu ls tkfr ifjorZu vko';d ugha gksrk Fkk tc rd fd fLFkfr
esa ifjorZu u gksA CyUV osQ vuqlkj tc izfLFkfr esa bl izdkj dk ifjorZu gksrk gS rc og rhu :i èkkj.k dj
ysrh gS% (i) ,d ubZ tkfr esa i`Fkd gksuk (ii) u;s lewg dk igys ls vfLrRo okyh tkfr esa foy; (iii) ekSfyd
tkfr osQ Hkhrj gh ,d vUrfoZokgh mitkfr dh jpukA
tkfr }kjk Fkksis x, O;olkf;d izfrcUèkksa osQ ihNs lkekU;r% èkkfeZd mís'; gksrk gS] ysfdu dHkh&dHkh mudk
fo'kq¼ vkfFkZd mís'; Hkh gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vkseSys us eè;izns'k osQ ,d ftys osQ lqukjksa osQ lUnHkZ esa

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